{"id":1278,"date":"2021-04-01T12:46:47","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T09:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=1278"},"modified":"2024-05-15T16:04:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T13:04:11","slug":"turkiyenin-2020-yurt-disi-insani-yardimlari-pandemi-ve-otesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/turkiyenin-2020-yurt-disi-insani-yardimlari-pandemi-ve-otesi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2020 Yurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130nsani Yard\u0131mlar\u0131: Pandemi ve \u00d6tesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

San\u0131r\u0131z hepimiz \u015fu me\u015fhur kadim \u00c7in bedduas\u0131na maruz kald\u0131k: \u0130lgin\u00e7 zamanlarda ya\u015fayas\u0131n!<\/em> 2020 her anlamda gezegenimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgin\u00e7 bir y\u0131l oldu. Asl\u0131nda kaotik, kasvetli hatta Kafkaesk. O y\u00fczden teorik \u00e7er\u00e7evemizi Realizm ile ba\u015flatsak hi\u00e7 de fena olmayacak. Realist teoriye g\u00f6re do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc olan insan, salt \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yla hareket eden ben-merkezci bir canl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak insani yard\u0131m s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6znesi ve nesnesi insan oldu\u011fundan realizm hi\u00e7 de sadra \u015fifa olmamaktad\u0131r. Zira insan \u00e7ok boyutlu ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle b\u00fcnyesinde iyiyi de bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rken kendisinin do\u011frudan etkilenmedi\u011fi olumsuz bir geli\u015fmenin hemcinsi ma\u011fdurlar\u0131na maddi ve manev\u00ee destekte bulunabilmektedir. \u0130nsani yard\u0131m, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, insan\u0131 merkeze al\u0131rken benmerkezcili\u011fi de\u011fil di\u011ferk\u00e2ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan olman\u0131n temeline yerle\u015ftirmektedir.  \u0130nsan, etimolojik olarak \u00fcnsiyet ile ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fine g\u00f6re ontolojik ba\u011flam\u0131yla sosyalle\u015fmesinin sonucu olan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ancak bir toplum i\u00e7inde, bu toplumla dayan\u0131\u015fmaya girmek suretiyle koruyabilir. \u0130nsan\u0131n yekdi\u011feriyle yard\u0131mla\u015fmas\u0131 ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ne kadar normalse insan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn cemaat ve cemiyetlerin de birbirleriyle dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi boyuncu do\u011fal afetler veya be\u015fer\u00ee, sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik krizlerle bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zeti niteli\u011findeki sava\u015flar insanlar\u0131 birbirlerinin yard\u0131m\u0131na muhta\u00e7 h\u00e2le getirmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda insanl\u0131k tarihi bir bak\u0131ma insani yard\u0131m tarihidir dersek \u00e7ok da abartm\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131z.\u00a0\u0130nsana insan taraf\u0131ndan insanca yap\u0131lan bu yard\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201cDo\u011fal afet zamanlar\u0131nda insan\u0131n temel gereksinimleri olan sa\u011fl\u0131k, bar\u0131nma vb. konularda yap\u0131lan yard\u0131m\u2019\u2019 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken bir di\u011fer tan\u0131mda \u201cgeleneksel olarak, deprem, seller, yang\u0131nlar, kurakl\u0131klar vb. ge\u00e7ici nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan do\u011fal afetler s\u0131ras\u0131nda devletlerce \u00fcstlenilen yard\u0131m faaliyetleri ile\u201d ili\u015fkilendirilerek toplumsal ve endemik felaketleri de i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmektedir.<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0130nsani yard\u0131mlarda temel ama\u00e7, muhta\u00e7 h\u00e2le gelen insanlar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek oldu\u011fundan be\u015fer\u00ee felaketlerin sebep oldu\u011fu hasarlar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n insani yard\u0131m kategorisine d\u00e2hil edilmesinde bir beis g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Bu minvalde sava\u015flar ve ekonomik krizlerden etkilenen topluluklara yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar da insani yard\u0131m kategorisinde yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsani yard\u0131m giderek k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemde pop\u00fcler bir kavram h\u00e2line gelirken bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fclkelerin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler olmamas\u0131 elbette \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u00fcresel zenginlikteki pay\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak insani yard\u0131mlar konusunda adeta d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6rnek olan bir tutum i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkenin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki insani yard\u0131m faaliyetlerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir s\u0131ralayabiliriz: 2004 sonunda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya depremi, 2005\u2019teki Pakistan depremi, 2006\u2019da L\u00fcbnan\u2019daki insani kriz, 2008 sonunda Gazze Krizi, 2010 Haiti ve \u015eili depremleri ile Pakistan\u2019daki sel felaketi, 2011 Japonya depremi, 2013 Filipinler\u2019deki tayfun, 2014 Balkanlar\u2019daki sel felaketi ve Gazze\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131, 2015\u2019de Nepal depremi ile Irak\u2019taki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma kaynakl\u0131 insani kriz, 2015 ve 2016\u2019da Yemen ve Libya\u2019daki insani kriz ile 2016\u2019da Makedonya\u2019daki sel felaketi sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ngiltere merkezli Kalk\u0131nma \u0130nisiyatifleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn raporuna g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan yard\u0131m\u0131yla gezegenin en \u00e7ok insani yard\u0131m yapan \u00fclkesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye mill\u00ee gelirinin y\u00fczde 0.85\u2019ine denk gelen insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla \u201cen c\u00f6mert \u00fclke\u201d konumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Bu minvalde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrkiye K\u0131z\u0131lay Derne\u011fi de son 10 y\u0131lda\u00a0138 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkede do\u011fal ve insan kaynakl\u0131 afetlere m\u00fcdahale ederken kurulu\u015fundan bug\u00fcne\u00a0kadar gelen tecr\u00fcbesiyle de 147 \u00fclkeye\u00a0 yard\u0131m eli uzatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> Di\u011fer yandan, T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (T\u0130KA) 2019 faaliyet raporunda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Kolombiya\u2019da selzedelere, Somali\u2019de afetzedelere, Arnavutluk\u2019ta depremzedelere, Irak ve Afganistan\u2019da ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine acil ve insani yard\u0131mlarda bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup> 2020\u2019yi olduk\u00e7a zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u0131l h\u00e2line getiren ve k\u00fcresel bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen COVID-19 pandemisi sonucunda d\u00fcnya genelinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 30 Kas\u0131m 2020 itibar\u0131yla 1 milyon 431 bini ve vaka say\u0131s\u0131 60 milyonu ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> Yerel, ulusal, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel anlamda toplumlar\u0131, devletleri ve devletleraras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren pandemiyle insanlar bireysel d\u00fczeyde evlerine \u00e7ekilirken devletler de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yasaklar\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131yla yeni normal denilen bir d\u00fczene adapte olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Maske kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k zorunluluktan \u00f6te ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmesiyle \u00fclkeler maske, dezenfektan, sa\u011fl\u0131k te\u00e7hizat\u0131 ve personeli hususlar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk zamanlarda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f hatta ekonomik sorunlar ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve uzaktan e\u011fitim sadece yayg\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131p yeg\u00e2ne format h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir neredeyse. \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde ivedilikle bahsi ge\u00e7en malzemelere ihtiyac\u0131 olan devletlere insani yard\u0131m elini uzatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye 2020 Nisan\u2019\u0131na kadar 54 \u00fclkeye test kiti, eldiven ve maske i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u0131bbi malzemeler g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> \u00c7in, \u0130talya, \u0130spanya, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, ABD, S\u0131rbistan, Kosova, Bosna Hersek, Karada\u011f, Kuzey Makedonya, Bulgaristan, \u0130ran, Irak, G\u00fcrcistan, Azerbaycan, Kolombiya, Afganistan ve Pakistan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yard\u0131m g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi \u00fclkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r (BBC News T\u00fcrk\u00e7e 2020). Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere do\u011fal afetlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ekonomik sebepler gibi be\u015fer\u00ee nedenlerin ma\u011fdur etti\u011fi ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar da insani yard\u0131m kategorisinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu sebeple do\u011fal yahut be\u015fer\u00ee sebeplerle \u00e7\u0131kan bu pandeminin olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ve insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmaya y\u00f6nelik T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi t\u0131bbi malzemeler de insani yard\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak pandemiden \u00f6nce\/sonra ve pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan insani yard\u0131mlara dair istatistik verilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk akla gelen \u00fclkelerden biri olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu anlamda T\u00fcrkiye; T\u0130KA, AFAD, T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sadece kendi b\u00f6lgesine de\u011fil uzak co\u011frafyalara da yard\u0131m eli uzatabilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin insani yard\u0131m konusunda \u00e7o\u011fu kez ekonomik anlamda kendisinden daha m\u00fcreffeh \u00fclkeleri geride b\u0131rakmas\u0131, bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, kendisi de pandemiden olduk\u00e7a olumsuz etkilenen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmamas\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin insani yard\u0131mlar konusundaki \u00f6zverisinin ve hassasiyetinin somut delilleridir. Ancak gerek geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmalar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmek gerekse d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki e\u011fer varsa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lar\u0131 bertaraf etmek amac\u0131yla bu yard\u0131mlarla kamu diplomasisinin de yerine getirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu y\u00f6neli\u015f sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn gere\u011fi de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ak\u0131ll\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> Evans, G. ve Newnharn, J. (2007). Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (\u041dev. H. A. Utku). \u0130stanbul: Bilimevi Bas\u0131n Yay\u0131n.
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/turkiye_nin_-insani-yardimlari.tr.mfa<\/a> (29\/11\/2020 tarihinde eri\u015filmi\u015ftir).
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.<\/strong> Global Humanitarian Assistance Report, https:\/\/devinit.org\/resources\/global-humanitarian-assistance-report-2019\/<\/a>
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.<\/strong> T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay. https:\/\/www.kizilay.org.tr\/neler-yapiyoruz\/uluslararasi-yardimlar<\/a> (29\/11\/2020 tarihinde eri\u015filmi\u015ftir).
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.<\/strong> T\u0130KA, T.C. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. 2019 Faaliyet Raporu. T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131, 2019.
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.<\/strong> BBC News T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. 28 Nisan 2020. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-turkiye-52459231<\/a> (30\/11\/2020 tarihinde eri\u015filmi\u015ftir).
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.<\/strong> TRTHABER. 25 Nisan 2020. https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/turkiye-54-ulkeye-test-kiti-ve-tibbi-malzeme-gonderdi-479142.html<\/a> (29\/11\/2020 tarihinde eri\u015filmi\u015ftir).
At\u0131f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

San\u0131r\u0131z hepimiz \u015fu me\u015fhur kadim \u00c7in bedduas\u0131na maruz kald\u0131k: \u0130lgin\u00e7 zamanlarda ya\u015fayas\u0131n! 2020 her anlamda gezegenimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgin\u00e7 bir y\u0131l oldu. Asl\u0131nda kaotik, kasvetli hatta Kafkaesk. O y\u00fczden teorik \u00e7er\u00e7evemizi Realizm ile ba\u015flatsak hi\u00e7 de fena olmayacak. Realist teoriye g\u00f6re do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc olan insan, salt \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yla hareket eden ben-merkezci bir canl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak insani yard\u0131m…<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-akademik-degerlendirmeler","years-15","institution-necmettin-erbakan-universitesi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1278\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}