{"id":2257,"date":"2022-08-31T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=2257"},"modified":"2024-05-15T15:46:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T12:46:16","slug":"afetler-goc-ve-halk-sagligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/afetler-goc-ve-halk-sagligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Afetler, G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Afetler ve Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada do\u011fa ve insan kaynakl\u0131 afetler her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l artmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Afet Raporu<\/em>na g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f iklim ve hava olaylar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 (sel, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131, kas\u0131rga vb.) afetlerde meydana gelirken bunu jeofizik ve biyolojik nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 afetler izlemektedir.<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 2021\u2019de meydana gelen afetlerde benzer bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Y\u0131l\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinde etkili olan f\u0131rt\u0131na ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olaylar\u0131n\u0131 yaza do\u011fru Artvin, D\u00fczce ve Rize \u00e7evresinde meydana gelen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar izlemi\u015ftir.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> Temmuz sonlar\u0131nda Manavgat b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u015flayan orman yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Adana, Marmaris, Mersin ve Osmaniye orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 izlemi\u015f; 28 Temmuz-12 A\u011fustos 2021\u2019de Akdeniz, Ege ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgeleri\u2019nde bulunan 54 ilde 299 orman yang\u0131n\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> \u00dclke tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 2021\u2019de 160 bin hektar alan\u0131n bu yang\u0131nlardan etkilendi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan A\u011fustos\u2019ta bu kez Bart\u0131n, Kastamonu ve Sinop\u2019ta g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve bunu izleyen su bask\u0131n\u0131, heyelan ve sel felaketi \u00e7ok say\u0131da can ve mal kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131l\u0131n son aylar\u0131na gelinirken olumsuz hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve \u015fiddetli r\u00fczg\u00e2r Marmara B\u00f6lgesi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm yurtta etkili olmu\u015ftur. Deprem istatistiklerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2021\u2019de Bing\u00f6l, D\u00fczce, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Erzurum, Konya, K\u00fctahya, Malatya ve Van\u2019da orta \u015fiddette (5.0-5.9) depremlerin meydana geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fanan afetlerin etkilerini yaln\u0131zca ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden yahut yaralanan ki\u015filere, y\u0131k\u0131lan veya hasar g\u00f6ren yap\u0131lara ili\u015fkin rakamlara bakarak de\u011ferlendirmek eksik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olacakt\u0131r. Zira afetler, toplumu ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerini do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden olumsuz etkilemektedir. Temiz suya eri\u015fim, beslenme, bar\u0131nma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, kimyasal kirlilik, at\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamamas\u0131; su, elektrik, kanalizasyon, ula\u015f\u0131m ve haberle\u015fme altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hasar\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi; sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hizmet altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi gibi pek \u00e7ok sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nabilmekte; bireylerin fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> Bu sorunlar meydana gelen \u00e7o\u011fu afette g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmekle birlikte her afet kendi dinamikleri \u00f6zelinde farkl\u0131 sorunlara yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde 2021\u2019de etkili olan sel felaketlerinin bu sorunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olma potansiyeli bulunmaktayken orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 bunlara ek olarak havada PM10 ve PM2.5 kirleticilerin miktar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f, yanan \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ba\u011fl\u0131 hava, toprak ve yer alt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirlili\u011fi, yan\u0131klar ve s\u0131cak \u00e7arpmalar\u0131 gibi sorunlara da neden olabilmektedir.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>8<\/a><\/sup> Akut d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan bu sorunlar\u0131 do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131n ve ekosistemlerin tahribat\u0131na; tarih\u00ee, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve toplumsal miras\u0131n kayb\u0131na; \u00fcretim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 daha derin ve telafisi \u00e7ok daha zor sorunlar izlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afetlerin tehlike ve incinebilirliklerin bir araya gelmesiyle olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde afetlerin toplum \u00fczerindeki etkileri; afet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemdeki mevcut durum, haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve risk azaltma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/a>9<\/a><\/sup> Bu kapsam k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyden bireysel d\u00fczeye kadar geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ve e\u015f zamanl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerekmektedir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere \u00fcye \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan 2030\u2019a kadar ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenen S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em> i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nan ba\u015fl\u0131klar, afetlere diren\u00e7li toplumlar in\u015fa etmek ve afetlerin neden oldu\u011fu kay\u0131plar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri afetlerle do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak ili\u015fkili 17 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ele almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Afet M\u00fcdahale Plan\u0131 (TAMP)<\/em> ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Buna Ba\u011fl\u0131 Afetlere Y\u00f6nelik Yol Haritas\u0131<\/em> gibi ulusal d\u00fczeyde pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla desteklenen bu hedeflerle afet riskini azaltmak, afetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fanan can kay\u0131plar\u0131yla ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n GSYH i\u00e7erisindeki oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak, afetlere uyum kapasitesini artt\u0131racak dayan\u0131kl\u0131 tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, afetlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen kent ve yerle\u015fim yeri planlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak, dezavantajl\u0131 gruplara y\u00f6nelik afetlere diren\u00e7lili\u011fi artt\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup> Afet riskini azaltmak ve diren\u00e7lili\u011fi artt\u0131rmak t\u00fcm politikalarda ve kurumsal hedeflerde bu konunun \u00f6ncelemesi ve toplum kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ler ve Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandeminin etkisinde ge\u00e7en 2021, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6\u00e7lerin artma e\u011filimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015flar, kriz ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar (Sudan, Suriye, Yemen), ciddi ekonomik ve politik belirsizlikler (Afganistan, Venezuela), iklim ve hava olaylar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili afetler (\u00c7in, Filipinler, Hindistan) milyonlarca insan\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmelerine neden olmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131l\u0131n son ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan D\u00fcnya G\u00f6\u00e7 Raporu<\/em> (2022) <\/em>verilerine g\u00f6re pandemi nedeniyle \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlardaki hareketlili\u011fi \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik 108.000 k\u0131s\u0131tlama uygulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen g\u00f6\u00e7lerde art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 272 milyondan 281 milyona y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Yerinden olan 89,4 milyon ki\u015finin 26,4 milyonunu m\u00fclteciler, 4,1 milyonunu s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar olu\u015ftururken \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 55 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkesi i\u00e7inde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yine \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle evlerini terk ederken yedi milyon ki\u015fi afetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fanan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 Fransa, \u0130spanya ve Yunanistan\u2019da 23.000 ki\u015finin yerinden olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye\u2019de devam eden belirsizli\u011fin onuncu y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada en fazla m\u00fclteci bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. \u00dclkeler aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7 koridorlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci koridor (ABD-Meksika\u2019dan sonra) T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup> Aral\u0131k 2021 itibar\u0131yla 3.735.701 Suriye vatanda\u015f\u0131, ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma merkezlerinde 51.559 ki\u015fi bulunurken geriye kalan 3.6 milyon ki\u015fi Adana, Gaziantep, Hatay, \u0130stanbul ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlere yerle\u015fmektedir. D\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131 2021 itibar\u0131yla 154.766 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin geldi\u011fi \u00fclkelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla Afganistan, Suriye, Pakistan, Somali, \u00d6zbekistan, Irak, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Banglade\u015f, \u0130ran ve Filistin\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/a>12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ler, birey ve toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileriyle halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan durumundad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 eden topluluklar \u00e7o\u011funlukla uzun s\u00fcren krizler nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131k alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bozuldu\u011fu ve a\u015f\u0131lama gibi koruyucu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeden gelmekte, yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda kalabal\u0131k ve k\u00f6t\u00fc sanitasyon ko\u015fullar\u0131na maruz kalmakta, geldikleri yeni \u00fclkede sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fimde sorunlar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Temel hizmetlere ve mevcut kronik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n takibi ve tedavisi i\u00e7in gerekli olanaklara eri\u015fememe, ya\u015fam \u015fekli de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve k\u00f6t\u00fc beslenme gibi pek \u00e7ok neden sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6stergelerinin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u015fanan travmalara ve yeni b\u00f6lgeye uyum s\u00fcrecine ba\u011fl\u0131 ruhsal sorunlar, daha az g\u00fcvenceli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, kaza ve yaralanmalarla s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z bar\u0131nma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 gibi sorunlar g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k d\u00fczeylerinin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesine neden olan etkenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6ncesi, s\u0131ras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm bu sorunlar, g\u00f6\u00e7menleri geldikleri yeni \u00fclkede sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z bir duruma getirmektedir.<\/a>13<\/a><\/sup> Sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 ve evrensel sa\u011fl\u0131k kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkeleri uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fclkelerde bulundu\u011fu stat\u00fcye bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n temel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, hem g\u00f6\u00e7menler hem toplum genelinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan g\u00f6\u00e7menlere ili\u015fkin son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131, do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi bak\u0131mla di\u011fer \u00fcreme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleri ve anne \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Alt\u0131ndaki Suriyeliler\u2019de depresyon, anksiyete ve travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011funun yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve yerinden olma sonras\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla bu sorunlar\u0131n ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup> Suriyeli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yetersiz do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi bak\u0131m, ergen gebelik ve olumsuz gebelik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, erken do\u011fum ve premat\u00fcritenin yeni do\u011fanlarda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/a>15<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>16<\/a><\/sup> Pandeminin etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2021\u2019de g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin pandemi s\u00fcrecinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada COVID-19 d\u00f6neminde al\u0131nan tedbirlere ba\u011fl\u0131 ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde Ge\u00e7ici Koruma Alt\u0131ndaki Suriyelileri daha fazla etkiledi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/a>17<\/sup><\/a> G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin a\u015f\u0131ya eri\u015fimi ve bu konudaki mevcut duruma ili\u015fkin Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 ve K\u0131z\u0131lay Dernekleri Federasyonu ve T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131n zamanda yay\u0131mlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, 15 ilde 16 toplum merkezinin herhangi birinden hizmet alan 624 g\u00f6\u00e7menin %72,1\u2019inin en az bir COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131 olan ki\u015filerin %68,2\u2019si (307 ki\u015fi, toplam kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %49,2\u2019si) iki doz, %1,3\u2019\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 doz a\u015f\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Hastaneler, aile sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezleri ve g\u00f6\u00e7men sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezlerinin a\u015f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lan ilk \u00fc\u00e7 yer oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/a>18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7lerin neden oldu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede ilk ad\u0131m g\u00f6\u00e7lerin nedenlerine y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahaleler ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin \u00f6nlenmesi olacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7lerin ilgili t\u00fcm taraflarca i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde insan onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em> gibi pek \u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 metin bu anlamda risk fakt\u00f6rlerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve g\u00f6\u00e7lerle ilgili hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7leri d\u00fczenlemek y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar olmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan \u201cHedef 3.8. Evrensel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130lkeleri\u201d do\u011frultusunda ki\u015filerin bulunduklar\u0131 yasal stat\u00fcye bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n kaliteli temel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine, temel ila\u00e7 ve a\u015f\u0131lara eri\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fine vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>19<\/a><\/sup> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere \u00fcye di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle birlikte kabul edilen G\u00fcvenli, Sistemli ve D\u00fczenli G\u00f6\u00e7 i\u00e7in K\u00fcresel Mutabakat Metni<\/em>nde yine yasal stat\u00fclerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in adil istihdam olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bulunduklar\u0131 yeni \u00fclkede temel hizmetlere eri\u015fmesi ve topluma uyumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hedefler benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/a>20<\/a><\/sup> G\u00f6\u00e7lerin temel ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 sorunlar, afetler, ekonomik, sosyal, politik belirsizlikler, kriz ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin \u00f6ncelemesinin gerekti\u011fi unutulmadan, g\u00f6\u00e7lere ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm s\u00fcrecin k\u00fcresel i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde y\u00f6netilmesi, g\u00f6\u00e7lere ba\u011fl\u0131 olumsuz sa\u011fl\u0131k etkilerin ve sosyal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gereken temel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>. IFRC. (2020). D\u00fcnya afet raporu.<\/em> https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dunyaAfetRaporu_TR_web.pdf
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/strong>. AFAD. (2021 18 Aral\u0131k). https:\/\/www.afad.gov.tr
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/strong>. OGM. (2021 13 A\u011fustos). T\u00fcm orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda.<\/em> https:\/\/www.ogm.gov.tr\/tr\/haberler\/tum-orman-yanginlari-kontrol-altinda
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/strong>. \u0130TU. (2021 12 A\u011fustos). \u0130T\u00dc-UHUZAM orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasar\u0131 uydudan tespit etti. <\/em>https:\/\/web.cscrs.itu.edu.tr\/itu-uhuzam-orman-yanginlarinin-biraktigi-hasari-uydudan-tespit-etti\/
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/strong>. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesitesi. (2021 18 Aral\u0131k). Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i <\/em>\u00fcniversitesi kandilli rasathanesi ve deprem ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00f6lgesel deprem-tsunami izleme ve de\u011ferlendirme merkezi<\/em>. http:\/\/udim.koeri.boun.edu.tr\/zeqmap\/hgmmap.asp.
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.<\/strong> G\u00fcler, \u00c7. (2012). Su bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda al\u0131nacak toplumsal ve bireysel \u00f6nlemler. G. \u00c7a\u011fatay \u00c7evre Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7evre ve Ekoloji Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131yla <\/em>(c:2, ss:1311-1326) i\u00e7inde. Yaz\u0131t Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7<\/strong>. Shoaf, Kimberley & Rottman, S.J. (2000). Public health impact of disasters. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. 15.<\/em> 58-63
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

8<\/strong>. Finlay, S. E., Moffat, A., Gazzard, R., Baker, D., & Murray, V. (2012). Health impacts of wildfires. PLOS Currents Disaster,<\/em> 4 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/4f959951cce2c
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9<\/strong>. Alt\u0131nta\u015f, H. (2012). Afetler ve Afet T\u0131bb\u0131. C. G\u00fcler & L. Ak\u0131n (Eds.), Halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel bilgiler<\/em> (c: 2, ss: 1107:1111) i\u00e7inde. Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10<\/strong>. T.C. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (2019). S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ama\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme Raporu<\/em>. T.C. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11<\/strong>. McAuliffe, M. and A. Triandafyllidou (2021). World migration report 2022<\/em>. International Organization for Migration
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12<\/strong>. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2021 18 Aral\u0131k). D\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7<\/em>. https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/duzensiz-goc-istatistikler
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13<\/strong>. WHO. (2018) Report on the health<\/em>\u00a0of refugees and migrants<\/em>\u00a0in\u00a0the WHO European<\/em>\u00a0Region<\/em>. World Health organisation
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14<\/strong>. Acarturk, C., McGrath, M., Roberts, B. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders among Syrian refugees in Istanbul, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology <\/em>56, 475\u2013484, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01941-6
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

15<\/strong>. Silahli, N., Baris H. E., Qutranji, L., Ozek, E., Boran, P. (2021) The differences in perinatal outcomes between refugee and resident mother\u2013infant dyads: A retrospective study in Turkey between 2013 and 2018, Health Care for Women International,<\/em> 1-14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07399332.2021.1954648
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

16<\/strong>. Vural T., G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 C., Bayraktar B., G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 H., Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m A. (2021). Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research<\/em>. 2021 Apr; 47(4),1353-1361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.14673
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

17<\/strong>. El\u00e7i, E., Kiris\u00e7ioglu, E. & \u00dcst\u00fcbici, A. (2021). How COVID\u201019 financially hit urban refugees: evidence from mixed\u2010method research with citizens and Syrian refugees in Turkey. Disasters<\/em>, 45, S240-S263.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/disa.12498
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

18<\/strong>. T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay. (2021 20 Aral\u0131k). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin a\u015f\u0131lanma durumu: III. anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/3.%20A%C5%9F%C4%B1lama%20Anket%20Sonu%C3%A7lar%C4%B1-d%C3%BCzeltme.pdf
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

19<\/strong>. T.C. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (2019). S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ama\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme Raporu<\/em>. T.C. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

20<\/strong>. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2018 12 Aral\u0131k). K\u00fcresel g\u00f6\u00e7 mutabakat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/em> https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/kuresel-goc-mutabakati-hakkinda-basin-aciklamasi
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afetler ve Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fcnyada do\u011fa ve insan kaynakl\u0131 afetler her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l artmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Afet Raporuna g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f iklim ve hava olaylar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 (sel, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131, kas\u0131rga vb.) afetlerde meydana gelirken bunu jeofizik ve biyolojik nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 afetler izlemektedir.1 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 2021\u2019de meydana gelen afetlerde benzer bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Y\u0131l\u0131n…<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-akademik-degerlendirmeler","years-59","institution-hacettepe-universitesi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2257\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}