\u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131 giderek t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n ana g\u00fcndemini olu\u015fturuyor. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f bir\u00e7ok afetin, krizin, toplumsal sorunun yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve giderek daha fazla dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, yard\u0131m\u0131n ve korunman\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, bundan sonra daha da fazla gerekece\u011fi bir \u00e7a\u011f. Be\u015fte birini geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda eski sorunlar derinle\u015firken yeni ve karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu kapsamda SARS CoV-2 pandemisi g\u00fcndemiyle girdi\u011fimiz ve bitirdi\u011fimiz 2021\u2019de \u00e7evreyle ilgili duruma bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130klim Krizi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi art\u0131k \u201czaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n krizi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu krizle ilgili 2021\u2019de \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileriyle tetiklenen bu kriz, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreteri\u2019nin deyimiyle \u201ckaybetmekte oldu\u011fumuz bir yar\u0131\u015f\u201d h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup> 2021\u2019de bu alanda \u00f6nemli raporlar yay\u0131mland\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir zirve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi, ancak iklim parametrelerinde olumlu y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WMO) taraf\u0131ndan genellikle \u201con y\u0131llar veya daha uzun s\u00fcreli iklimsel ortalama durumun ve de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fin istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 \u015fekilde farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle ilgili son durum, bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn aral\u0131kl\u0131 raporlar\u0131yla ortaya konuyor. Son rapor da 2021\u2019de yay\u0131mland\u0131 ve y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> <\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> Bu raporda mevcut durumla ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bilgiler yer ald\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ortama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1850-1900 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 1,2\u00b0C artt\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u0131s\u0131nmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u015fl\u0131ca sera gazlar\u0131 olan karbon dioksit (CO2<\/sub>), metan (CH4<\/sub>) ve azot protoksit (N2<\/sub>O) konsantrasyonlar\u0131, COVID-19 \u00f6nlemeleriyle ge\u00e7ici bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ra\u011fmen artmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021 verileri hen\u00fcz tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l \u015fu ana kadar kaydedilen en s\u0131cak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan biri olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. Son alt\u0131 y\u0131l, kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en en s\u0131cak alt\u0131 y\u0131l oldu. Kuzey kutup dairesinin kuzeyinde kaydedilen en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k (20\u00b0C) haziranda Rusya Federasyonu Verkhoyansk\u2019ta kaydedildi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k 38,0\u00b0C\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Deniz seviyelerindeki y\u00fckselme e\u011filimi h\u0131zland\u0131. Okyanuslarda \u0131s\u0131 tutma etkisi ve asitle\u015fme art\u0131yor ve okyanusun iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini hafifletme kapasitesini azalt\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hidrometeorolojik tehlikeler ve afetler nedeniyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 9,8 milyon insan yerinden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 s\u0131kla\u015fmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli rapor, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uzmanlardan olu\u015fan kurulu H\u00fck\u00fbmetler Aras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli<\/em> (IPCC) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rapordu. Bu y\u0131lki rapor \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi 2021: Fiziksel Bilim Temeli<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Raporda s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda insan aktivitelerinin etkisi daha \u00e7ok vurgulanmakta ve iklimin de\u011fi\u015fimiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 etkilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmekteydi. \u00c7e\u015fitli senaryolarla s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiminin incelendi\u011fi rapor, emisyonlar en s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekilde azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n 1,5\u00b0C olaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle metan gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n endi\u015fe verici oldu\u011fu konusunda \u00f6nemli uyar\u0131lar i\u00e7eriyor.<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla en iyi senaryoda bile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 1,5\u00b0C \u0131s\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kesindir. 1,5\u00b0C \u0131s\u0131nma iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik e\u015fi\u011fi olarak kabul ediliyor ve bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemlidir. Peki, \u015fu anda neredeyiz? ABD Ulusal Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Dairesi (National Aeronautics and Space Administration\/ NASA) verilerine g\u00f6re 1880\u2019den bu yana d\u00fcnyay\u0131 1,18\u00b0C \u0131s\u0131tm\u0131\u015f durumday\u0131z.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e2l b\u00f6yleyken her y\u0131l toplanan BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (COP26) yirmi alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Glasgow kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bu zirve de 2021\u2019in iklim ve \u00e7evre olaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biriydi. Zirve, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n a\u015famal\u0131 azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere daha fazla ekonomik destek sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi konular a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olsa da \u00f6ncesindeki y\u00fckselen umut dolu havaya \u00e7ok da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veremedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021, bir yandan 2020\u2019ye dair \u00e7evreyle ilgili bilgilerin de ortaya konmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemliydi. Bu bilgilerden biri de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ormanlar\u0131n\u0131 yok etmeye devam etti\u011fimizdi. Tropik b\u00f6lgelerdeki orman kayb\u0131n\u0131n %12 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 12 milyon hektardan fazla (yakla\u015f\u0131k \u0130svi\u00e7re b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alan) tropikal orman\u0131n yok edildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik.<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma bir\u00e7ok olumsuz etkisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zellikle pandemilerin s\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7evre ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim krizinin etkisiyle s\u0131kla\u015fan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fclkemizde de ciddi etkiler yapt\u0131. Avrupa Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131 Bilgi Sistemi (European Forest Fire Information System\/ EFFIS)<\/em> verilerine g\u00f6re 2021\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yang\u0131nlar nedeniyle kaybedilen ormanl\u0131k alan 178 bin hektar oldu. Bu kayb\u0131n %70\u2019i (124 bin hektar) yaz d\u00f6nemi Antalya ve Mu\u011fla\u2019da ya\u015fanan yang\u0131nlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup> \u0130klim krizinin etkileriyle orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n daha s\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve yo\u011fun olmas\u0131 bekleniyor. \u00d6zellikle son y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlar \u201cOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 art\u0131k yeni normalimiz mi?\u201d sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/a>9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00fcsilaj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7evre konusu da belki de \u00e7o\u011fumuzun ilk kez duydu\u011fu \u201cm\u00fcsilaj\u201d veya deniz salyas\u0131\/ deniz s\u00fcm\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\/ deniz kar\u0131<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan durumdu. Marmara Denizi\u2019nde bir ekosistemin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc izledik. Etkili farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler olsa da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve kentsel altyap\u0131, \u00e7evre politikas\u0131, kentle\u015fme dinamikleriyle birlikte at\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin bu s\u00fcrecin oda\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ba\u015fta Marmara B\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere k\u0131y\u0131 alanlar\u0131ndaki kentlerde m\u00fcsilaj geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli yeri olan azot ve fosforun giderilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ileri ar\u0131tma yapan at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesislerinin ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve bu konuda ciddi eksiklik oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hava Kirlili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019in \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerinden biri D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (DS\u00d6)hava kirlili\u011fiylehava kalitesi rehberindeki s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri g\u00fcncellenmesi oldu. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle birlikte insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlerden biri olarak tan\u0131mlanan hava kirlili\u011finin y\u0131lda yedi milyon ki\u015finin erken \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu\u011funu belirten DS\u00d6, yeni rehberinde alt\u0131 kirleticinin (partik\u00fcler madde 10 ve 2.5, ozon, nitrojen dioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit, karbon monoksit) s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerinde d\u00fczenlemeler yapt\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekti.<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hava kirli\u011fi konusunda her y\u0131l Kara Rapor<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan \u00f6nemli bir rapor 2021\u2019de de yay\u0131mland\u0131 ve veriler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hava kirlili\u011fi sorununun boyutunu bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. Raporda 42 ilde kanserojen olan ince partik\u00fcl (PM2.5) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin yeterli d\u00fczeyde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, partik\u00fcl madde de\u011ferlerinin (PM10) yeterli veri al\u0131nabilen 72 ilden 45\u2019inde ulusal s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerinin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funa, DS\u00d6 s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise sadece iki ilde hava kalitesinin uygun bulundu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekildi.<\/a>12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Maden At\u0131k Havuzu Sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2021\u2019in sonlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pe\u015f pe\u015fe iki \u00f6nemli \u00e7evre sorununa yol a\u00e7an olay ya\u015fand\u0131. Giresun\u2019un \u015eebinkarahisar il\u00e7esinde bulunan bir kur\u015fun-\u00e7inko-bak\u0131r madeninin at\u0131k havuzlar\u0131 patlad\u0131 ve bu havuzlarda cevher zenginle\u015ftirmede kullan\u0131lan kimyasal maddeler i\u00e7eren \u00e7amurlar dereye bo\u015falarak \u00e7evredeki k\u00f6y\u00fc etkiledi ve kimyasal madde muhteval\u0131 \u00e7amur Kelkit \u00c7ay\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kaya Baraj\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131. Bal\u0131kesir\u2019in Ayval\u0131k il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir k\u00f6yde i\u015fletilen demir madeninin at\u0131k depolama alan\u0131 da ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ikinci kez \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve at\u0131klar yak\u0131ndaki Madra Baraj\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131. Her iki konuda da b\u00f6lgede incelemeler ve de\u011ferlendirmeler devam ediyor ancak ciddi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidi olu\u015ftu\u011fu dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/a>13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n COVID-19 pandemisinin etkisinin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00e7evre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ba\u015fta yoksulluk ve beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fmesi gibi sosyal \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 ve plastik at\u0131klar olmak \u00fczere yeni y\u00fcklerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu 2021, \u00e7evre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki y\u0131llardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir mahiyette olmayacak \u015fekilde zorlu ge\u00e7ti. 2021; iklim krizinin etkilerinin daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ekosistemlerin tahribat\u0131, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131 ve ormans\u0131zla\u015fma gibi gezegenin gelece\u011fini tehdit eden ba\u015fta hava kirlili\u011fi, at\u0131klar, su krizi gibi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir y\u0131l oldu. E\u015fitsizlikler artt\u0131, daha iyi bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fayabilmek i\u00e7in zaman azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1<\/strong>. UN (2021 7Aral\u0131k). The climate crisis \u2013 A race we can win<\/em> https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/un75\/climate-crisis-race-we-can-win 2<\/strong>. WMO. (2021 7 Aral\u0131k). Climate<\/em>. https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/about-us\/frequently-asked-questions\/climate#:~:text=Climate%20change%20refers%20to%20a,(typically%20decades%20or%20longer) 3<\/strong>. WMO. (2021 10 Aral\u0131k). State of the global climate 2020 (WMO-No. 1264)<\/em> https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21880#.Yb4kgslBzIW\u00a0 4<\/strong>. WMO. (2021 11 Aral\u0131k). State of climate in 2021: Extreme events and major impacts<\/em> https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/media\/press-release\/state-of-climate-2021-extreme-events-and-major-impacts 5<\/strong>. Ye\u015fil Gazete. (2021 9 A\u011fustos). D\u00fcnyan\u0131n merakla bekledi\u011fi <\/em>\u0131pcc raporu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/em> https:\/\/yesilgazete.org\/tum-dunyanin-merakla-bekledigi-ipcc-raporu-aciklandi\/ 6<\/strong>. NASA. (202111 Aral\u0131k). Climate.<\/em> https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/ 7<\/strong>. WRI. (2021 16 Aral\u0131k).<\/em> Forest pulse: the latest on the world\u2019s forests<\/em> https:\/\/research.wri.org\/gfr\/forest-pulse 8<\/strong>. Greenpeace. (2021 13 A\u011fustos). Madalyonun tek y\u00fcz\u00fc: \u0130klim krizi ve 2021 T\u00fcrkiye orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131. <\/em>https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/turkey\/blog\/madalyonun-tek-yuzu-iklim-krizi-ve-2021-turkiye-orman-yanginlari\/ 9<\/strong>. UN Enviorenment Programme. (2020 16 Ocak).\u00a0 Are \u201cmegafires\u201d the new normal?<\/em> https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/are-megafires-new-normal 10<\/strong>. Yavuz C. I. (2021 15 Haziran). M\u00fcsilaj \u00fczerine-I<\/em>. http:\/\/cevresagligi.org\/musilaj-uzerine-i-cavit-isik-yavuz\/ 11<\/strong>. WHO. (2021 22 Eyl\u00fcl). New WHO global air quality guidelines aim to save millions of lives from air pollution. <\/em>https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/22-09-2021-new-who-global-air-quality-guidelines-aim-to-save-millions-of-lives-from-air-pollution 12<\/strong>. Temiz Hava Hakk\u0131 Platformu (2021).\u00a0 Kara rapor 2021. hava kirlili\u011fi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k etkileri.<\/em> https:\/\/www.temizhavahakki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/KaraRapor2021.pdf\u00a0 13<\/strong>. HASUDER. (2021 16 Aral\u0131k). \u00dclkemiz her g\u00fcn yeni bir \u00e7evre felaketi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/em> https:\/\/hasuder.org.tr\/ulkemiz-her-gun-yeni-bir-cevre-felaketi-ile-karsi-karsiya-birakiliyor \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131 giderek t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n ana g\u00fcndemini olu\u015fturuyor. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f bir\u00e7ok afetin, krizin, toplumsal sorunun yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve giderek daha fazla dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, yard\u0131m\u0131n ve korunman\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, bundan sonra daha da fazla gerekece\u011fi bir \u00e7a\u011f. Be\u015fte birini geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu y\u00fczy\u0131lda eski sorunlar derinle\u015firken yeni ve karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu kapsamda SARS CoV-2 pandemisi g\u00fcndemiyle…<\/p>\n
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At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"