{"id":2267,"date":"2022-08-31T16:40:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T13:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=2267"},"modified":"2024-05-15T15:47:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T12:47:16","slug":"2021de-ulkemizde-covid-19-ve-potansiyel-bulasici-hastalik-tehditleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/2021de-ulkemizde-covid-19-ve-potansiyel-bulasici-hastalik-tehditleri\/","title":{"rendered":"2021\u2019de \u00dclkemizde COVID-19 ve Potansiyel Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 Hastal\u0131k Tehditleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi incelendi\u011finde yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte sulama sistemleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve insanlar toplu h\u00e2lde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tar\u0131m toplumu olmas\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirerek yak\u0131n temasta kalmalar\u0131 sonucu hayvanlardan ge\u00e7en hastal\u0131klardan daha s\u0131k etkilenmeleri, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 suya eri\u015fme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri ve g\u00fcvenli su kullanamamalar\u0131, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda bulunan insanlarla ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, toplumsal veya asker\u00ee nedenlerle temas\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve kentlerin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131 sonucu geli\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kentler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a toplu \u00f6l\u00fcmler de yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fen toplumsal hayat bi\u00e7imleriyle birlikte baz\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar, kolayca yay\u0131lma ortam ve imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalabal\u0131kla\u015fan kentsel alanlarda \u00e7\u00f6pler, at\u0131klar, sular\u0131n kirlenmesi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a uygun zemin haz\u0131rlamakta ve sonunda salg\u0131nlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara mevsimsel \u00f6zellikler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, kullan\u0131lan zirai \u00fcretim teknikleri, yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131larak do\u011fal ya\u015famla temas\u0131n artmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemli etkiler yaratmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131tl\u0131klar, sava\u015flar, tarih boyunca salg\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015ftir.<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli epidemik yahut pandemiler yapan \u00e7i\u00e7ek, k\u0131zam\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131larla \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya veba, tif\u00fcs ve kolera i\u00e7in ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndaki alt yap\u0131y\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek pandemilerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. H\u00e2len sifiliz, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz ve s\u0131tma i\u00e7in tedavi ve temasl\u0131 takibiyle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131nmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 gibi etkili bir ara\u00e7 geli\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenme, a\u015f\u0131 ve tedavi hizmetlerindeki geli\u015fmeler tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar ya\u015fatan pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini azaltm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nlemi\u015f veya yok etmi\u015ftir. Yirminci ve yirmi birinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda influenza (grip) pandemileri, corona vir\u00fcslerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 SARS ve MERS salg\u0131nlar\u0131 milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1: DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de bildirilen hastal\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tehdit<\/strong><\/td>B\u00f6lge-\u00dclke<\/strong><\/td>Bildirildi\u011fi Tarih (2021)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
H1N2<\/td>Brezilya<\/td>4 Ocak<\/td><\/tr>
Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa<\/td>Togo<\/td>4 Ocak<\/td><\/tr>
MERS-CoV vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Suudi Arabistan<\/td>1 \u015eubat<\/td><\/tr>
Ebola vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Kongo Dem. Cum.<\/td>10 \u015eubat<\/td><\/tr>
Rift Vadisi Ate\u015fi<\/td>Kenya<\/td>12 \u015eubat<\/td><\/tr>
Ebola vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Gine<\/td>17 \u015eubat<\/td><\/tr>
MERS-CoV vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>BAE<\/td>17 Mart<\/td><\/tr>
\u0130nsanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen Ku\u015f Gribi A(H10N3)<\/td>\u00c7in (Zhenjiang \u015fehri)<\/td>10 Haziran<\/td><\/tr>
Monkeypox (Maymun \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) <\/td>Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u2013 Kuzey \u0130rlanda<\/td>11 Haziran<\/td><\/tr>
Monkeypox (Maymun \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) <\/td>ABD- Teksas<\/td>27 Temmuz<\/td><\/tr>
Marburg vir\u00fcs\u00fc enfeksiyonu<\/td>Gine<\/td>9 A\u011fustos<\/td><\/tr>
\u0130nsanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen Ku\u015f Gribi A(H5N1)<\/td>Hindistan (Haryana \u015fehri)<\/td>16 A\u011fustos<\/td><\/tr>
MERS-CoV vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Suudi Arabistan<\/td>17 A\u011fustos<\/td><\/tr>
Meningokoksik menenjit<\/td>Kongo<\/td>20 Eyl\u00fcl<\/td><\/tr>
Nipah vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Hindistan (Kerala eyaleti)<\/td>24 Eyl\u00fcl<\/td><\/tr>
Veba<\/td>Madagaskar<\/td>1 Ekim<\/td><\/tr>
Sar\u0131 Humma<\/td>Nijerya<\/td>1 Ekim<\/td><\/tr>
Ebola vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Kongo Dem. Cum.<\/td>10 Ekim<\/td><\/tr>
Sar\u0131 Humma<\/td>Venezuella<\/td>13 Ekim<\/td><\/tr>
Zika vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Hindistan<\/td>14 Ekim<\/td><\/tr>
Monkeypox (Maymun \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131) <\/td>ABD (Va\u015fington, D.C)<\/td>25 Kas\u0131m<\/td><\/tr>
Sar\u0131 Humma<\/td>Gana<\/td>1 Aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr>
MERS-CoV vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>BAE<\/td>13 Aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr>
Dang Ate\u015fi<\/td>Pakistan<\/td>14 Aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr>
Kolera<\/td>Kamerun<\/td>16 Aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr>
Ebola vir\u00fcs enfeksiyonu<\/td>Kongo Dem. Cum.<\/td>16 Aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak salg\u0131n hatta pandemi gibi tehdit yaratabilecek hastal\u0131klar d\u00fczenli a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Tablo 1\u2019de DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan 2021\u2019e ait tehdit yaratabilecek bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar k\u00fcreselle\u015fen d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde sadece saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelere mahsus olmay\u0131p d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lma potansiyelleri olan bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle sava\u015f, i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, deprem, sel gibi afetler sonras\u0131, hatta bazen kentle\u015fme, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine yay\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015fan ticarete ve turizme ba\u011fl\u0131 insan hareketlilikleri ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler sonucu da bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc co\u011frafyalara yenileri eklenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde de tehdit yaratan veya salg\u0131n potansiyeli olan hastal\u0131klarla ilgili kontrol, eliminasyon ve eradikasyon programlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda poliomiyelit eradikasyon program\u0131, k\u0131zam\u0131k ve k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k, neonatal-maternal tetanoz eliminasyon programlar\u0131, hepatit A, hepatit B, difteri, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz kontrol programlar\u0131 gibi a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenebilen hastal\u0131k kontrol programlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u0131tma, \u015fark \u00e7\u0131ban\u0131, K\u0131r\u0131m-Kongo kanamal\u0131 ate\u015fi gibi vekt\u00f6r kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131k kontrol programlar\u0131 aktif \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgesel salg\u0131nlara yol a\u00e7abilecek ku\u015f gribi, zika, el-ayak-a\u011f\u0131z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi global tehdit g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n izlenmesi, HIV\/AIDS\u2019in kontrol \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ilk dikkati \u00e7eken bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015f programlar\u0131 say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen \u00fclkelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan pandemiye yol a\u00e7an hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fma, pandemilerin \u00f6nlenmesinde yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. Bunun en son \u00f6rne\u011fi h\u00e2len ya\u015fanmakta olan COVID-19 pandemisidir. Bu pandemi, Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da \u00c7in\u2019in Wuhan \u015fehrinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. SARS-CoV-2 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan vir\u00fcs\u00fcn h\u0131zla d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla 2020\u2019de t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri bir pandemiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve t\u0131bbi olmayan korunma \u00f6nlemleriyle toplumda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 engellenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nlemler aras\u0131nda bireysel \u00f6nlemlerle (maske, mesafe ve hijyen kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, kalabal\u0131k alanlardan uzak durulmas\u0131 gibi) h\u00fck\u00fbmetler taraf\u0131ndan toplumsal faaliyetleri azaltacak \u00f6nlemler (soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131, i\u015f yerlerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, okullarda e\u011fitime ara verilmesi, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uygulamalar\u0131 gibi) say\u0131labilir. 2020 sonuna kadar COVID-19\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan elde edilen sonu\u00e7larla acil kullan\u0131m onay\u0131 al\u0131narak devletler kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 temin ettikleri a\u015f\u0131larla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2len COVID-19\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 saptanan vaka say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcnyada 274.633.041, bildirilen \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 5.368.732 olmu\u015ftur.<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda 70-85 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup> COVID-19 pandemisinin \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra insanl\u0131k tarihinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci felaket oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemiye yol a\u00e7an SARS-CoV-2 viral y\u00fck ve v\u00fccuttan at\u0131l\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde v\u00fccuttan at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortalama s\u00fcresi \u00fcst solunum yollar\u0131nda 17 g\u00fcn, alt solunum yollar\u0131nda 14,6 g\u00fcn, gaitada 17,2 g\u00fcn ve serum \u00f6rneklerinde 16,6 g\u00fcn olarak bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> Ancak immunsupresif hastalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda genellikle hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n dokuzuncu g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren canl\u0131 vir\u00fcs sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n durdu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiyle Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre\u2019deki hasta say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi SARS-CoV-2\u2019nin mevsimsel ko\u015fullardan etkilendi\u011fini net \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. Kuru ve so\u011fuk k\u0131\u015f havas\u0131yla vir\u00fcslerin stabilitesi artmakta, insandaki do\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k cevab\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsanlarda so\u011fuk olan bahar ve k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda kapal\u0131 alanlarda toplanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 vir\u00fcslerin yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir di\u011fer etkendir.<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup> Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fcnyada mevsimsel \u00f6zellikler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda vir\u00fcste ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mutasyonlar da \u00e7ok etkili olmu\u015ftur. COVID-19\u2019a neden olan vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bir RNA vir\u00fcs\u00fc olmas\u0131, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7ok say\u0131da mutasyona u\u011framas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 da sanki yeni bir pandemi gibi d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere kaynakl\u0131 Alfa, Hindistan kaynakl\u0131 Delta-Delta plus ve ennihayet bunlara eklenen G\u00fcney Afrika kaynakl\u0131 Omikron varyant\u0131 h\u00e2kim varyantlar olarak COVID-19 pandemisinde yeni yay\u0131l\u0131mlar g\u00f6steren varyantlar olmu\u015ftur. Bu varyantlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla Wuhan\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen vir\u00fcsle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n 2-3 kat daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Alfa varyant\u0131n\u0131n Wuhan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan vir\u00fcse g\u00f6re 3-5 kez, Delta varyant\u0131n\u0131n Alfa varyant\u0131na g\u00f6re 3-6 kez, Omicron varyant\u0131n\u0131n Delta varyant\u0131na g\u00f6re 3-5 kez daha bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCOVID-19 Verileri\u201d  b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de \u00fclkemizde yeni g\u00f6r\u00fclen varyantlar\u0131n vaka say\u0131lar\u0131na etkileri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Alfa varyant\u0131 sonras\u0131 Nisan 2021\u2019de 60.000 civar\u0131nda olan g\u00fcnl\u00fck vaka say\u0131s\u0131, temmuzdan itibaren Delta-Delta plus etkisiyle 6.000 civar\u0131nda seyreden vaka say\u0131s\u0131 yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lamaya ra\u011fmen 20-30 bin band\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00fcnl\u00fck 180-280 aras\u0131nda seyretmi\u015ftir. Aral\u0131k 2021\u2019de saptanan Omicron varyant\u0131n\u0131n etkisi h\u00e2len \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekle beraber Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6nemli vaka art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde 2020\u2019de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak t\u0131bbi olmayan \u00f6nlemler uygulanarak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve toplumdaki hastal\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar oldu\u011funda vaka say\u0131lar\u0131nda azalmalar, k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise vaka say\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar olan de\u011fi\u015fken bir y\u0131l ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n toplumda psikolojik sorunlar\u0131n artmas\u0131, kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n takiplerinin aksamas\u0131, aile i\u00e7i kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u015fiddetin artmas\u0131yla birlikte ekonomide sorunlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da yay\u0131n yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocak 2021\u2019den itibaren \u00fclkemizde inaktif a\u015f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, May\u0131s 2021\u2019den itibaren de ikinci a\u015f\u0131 olarak mRNA tipi a\u015f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2len T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 19 Aral\u0131k 2021 itibar\u0131yla 123.625.349 doz a\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131n 56.649.405\u2019i birinci doz, 51.142.896\u2019s\u0131 ikinci doz \u015feklinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hat\u0131rlatma dozu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc doz a\u015f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ise 13.912.051 ki\u015fiye uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci doz \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lama h\u0131z\u0131 18 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc i\u00e7in %82,39 olarak hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar d\u00fcnyada pandemiye yol a\u00e7an hastal\u0131kla ilgili virolojik, imm\u00fcnolojik, epidemiyolojik, klinik \u00f6zellikler, tedavi, t\u0131bb\u0131 olmayan korunma y\u00f6ntemleri, yeni geli\u015ftirilen a\u015f\u0131lar ve ila\u00e7larla ilgili \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmakta ve bu konuda ciddi kaynaklar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 18 Aral\u0131k 2021\u2019de yap\u0131lan Pubmed taramas\u0131nda 205.511, Google Scholar taramas\u0131nda 221.000 bilimsel yay\u0131n, Google arama motoru kullanarak \u201cCOVID-19\u201d anahtar kelimesiyle tarama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 4.710.000 ba\u015fl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2len \u00fclkemizdeki pandeminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdidi bertaraf etmek i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi, maske, mesafe, hijyen ve kalabal\u0131k ortamlardan uzak durulmas\u0131 veya bu ortamlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bu \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi gerekmektedir. Hi\u00e7bir devlet, sadece kendi \u00fclkesindeki vaka say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek pandeminin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fini bilmektedir. Bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131lama konusunda tedarik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken \u00fclkelerin de ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama konusunda desteklenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>. \u00c7\u0131pa H. E. (1995). McNeill\u2019in salg\u0131nlar ve halklar\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, Toplumsal Tarih,<\/em> 1995; 22<\/em>(4):18-20
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/strong>. \u00d6zden K, \u00d6zmat M. (2014).\u00a0 Salg\u0131n ve kent: 1347 veba salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n avrupa\u2019da sosyal, politik ve ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u0130dealkent,<\/em> 2014;12:<\/em> 60-87
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/strong>. WHO (2021 18 Aral\u0131k). Latest WHO Disease Outbreak News (DONs),<\/em> https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/2
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/strong>. Worldmeter(2021 19 Aral\u0131k). COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic,<\/em> https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/strong>. Wells, A. S. (2013). Historical Dictionary of World War II: The War against Germany and Italy<\/em>. Scarecrow Press
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6<\/strong>. \u0130nkaya A\u00c7.(2021).SARS-CoV-2: Mikrobiyolojik \u00f6zellikler ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n imm\u00fcnpatogenezi)<\/em> Eds: A. T. \u0130skit, M. D. Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver, \u00d6. Uzun. Covid-19 Pandemi Raporu<\/em> (ss:15-23) i\u00e7inde, Hacettepe \u0130\u00e7 Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Derne\u011fi.
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7<\/strong>. Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A. Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. Annu Rev Virol<\/em> 2020;7<\/em>(1):83-101
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

8<\/strong>. WHO. (202119 Aral\u0131k). Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants,<\/em> https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/activities\/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9<\/strong>. T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2021 19 Aral\u0131k). COVID-19 A\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Bilgilendirme Platformu<\/em> https:\/\/covid19.saglik.gov.tr\/TR-66935\/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10<\/strong>. Akin L. (2021). Going back to normal, but how? Re-opening policies and the standards for a new normal, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 51<\/em>(SI-1), 3162-3167.
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11<\/strong>. T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2021). COVID-19 A\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Bilgilendirme Platformu. <\/em>https:\/\/covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr\/
At\u0131f\u00a0\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi incelendi\u011finde yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte sulama sistemleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve insanlar toplu h\u00e2lde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tar\u0131m toplumu olmas\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirerek yak\u0131n temasta kalmalar\u0131 sonucu hayvanlardan ge\u00e7en hastal\u0131klardan daha s\u0131k etkilenmeleri, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 suya eri\u015fme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri ve g\u00fcvenli su kullanamamalar\u0131, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda bulunan insanlarla ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, toplumsal veya asker\u00ee nedenlerle temas\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve kentlerin kurulmas\u0131yla…<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-akademik-degerlendirmeler","years-59","institution-hacettepe-universitesi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2267\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}