{"id":2287,"date":"2022-08-31T15:40:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T12:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=2287"},"modified":"2024-05-15T15:48:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T12:48:25","slug":"2021de-unhcr-turkiye-calismalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/2021de-unhcr-turkiye-calismalari\/","title":{"rendered":"2021\u2019de UNHCR T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNHCR\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k<em> K\u00fcresel E\u011filimleri Raporu\u2019<\/em>na<a id=\"atif-1\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-1\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#kaynakca-1\">1<\/a><\/sup> g\u00f6re 2021 sonu itibar\u0131yla sava\u015f, \u015fiddet, zul\u00fcm ve insan haklar\u0131 suistimalleri nedeniyle yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 8 artarak ve 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki say\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak 89,3 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2021\u2019de say\u0131lar\u0131 27,1 milyona y\u00fckselen m\u00fcltecilerin \u00e7o\u011funa, bir kez daha, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kaynaklara sahip kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suriye\u2019deki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma onuncu y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131rken Afganistan\u2019da geli\u015fen durum 2021\u2019de yeni yerinden edilmelere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve endi\u015fe ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. UNHCR, insani yard\u0131mda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan zorluklar\u0131 dikkate alarak Afganistan\u2019daki insani yard\u0131m faaliyetlerine y\u00f6nelik uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fma ve kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere destek \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaya devam ederken 2019\u2019dan beri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en fazla uluslararas\u0131 koruma ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan grubu olu\u015fturan Afgan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n koruma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye yedi y\u0131ld\u0131r 3,7 milyonu ge\u00e7ici koruma alt\u0131ndaki Suriyeliler olmak \u00fczere 4 milyondan fazla uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015fiyle d\u00fcnyada uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan en fazla ki\u015fiye ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu n\u00fcfusun \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (51.677 ki\u015fi) yedi ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma merkezinde ya\u015farken b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 81 ilinde kentlerde, kent \u00e7evresinde ve k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti, \u00fclkedeki m\u00fclteci m\u00fcdahalesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederken Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, <em>B\u00f6lgesel M\u00fclteci ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k Plan\u0131 (3RP)<\/em> \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda insani yard\u0131m ve kalk\u0131nma ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 koordine ederek m\u00fclteci m\u00fcdahalesi i\u00e7in etkili ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 destek sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. UNHCR, <em>B\u00f6lgesel M\u00fclteci ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k Plan\u0131<\/em>n\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131 (UNDP) ile koordine ederek koruma ve temel ihtiya\u00e7lar sekt\u00f6rlerine liderlik etmektedir. 3RP ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra UNHCR T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin faaliyetleri pandemi d\u00f6nemi de d\u00e2hil sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, istihdam ve sosyal hizmetler gibi ulusal sistemlere eri\u015fimi artt\u0131rmay\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filere, ev sahibi toplulu\u011fa ve ulusal kurumlara fayda sa\u011flayan programlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sosyal uyumu desteklemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn (G\u0130GM) kapasitesinin daha fazla artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (G\u0130B) olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi yeni Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi, devletin m\u00fclteci m\u00fcdahalesini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik somut ad\u0131m olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan UNHCR taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizi olan koronavir\u00fcs pandemisi, ancak stat\u00fclerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ya e\u015fit \u015fekilde eri\u015febilmesiyle kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ocak 2021\u2019de ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131, uyruk ve ikamet durumuna bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131 kapsay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. UNHCR, daha fazla savunuculuk faaliyeti ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerin a\u015f\u0131ya eri\u015fimini izlemek amac\u0131yla 2021\u2019in Temmuz ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda 49 ilde iki tur h\u00e2linde bir anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %72\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl 2021 sonu itibar\u0131yla en az bir kez a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmas\u0131, co\u011frafi de\u011fi\u015fkenleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulan uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerin a\u015f\u0131lanma e\u011filiminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki genel a\u015f\u0131lanma e\u011filimiyle benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. A\u015f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut a\u015famas\u0131nda eri\u015fim ve bilgilendirme faaliyetleri, hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 bulunan ki\u015filerin te\u015fvik edilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6ncelik olmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye, uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k d\u00e2hil kamu hizmetlerine eri\u015fimini sa\u011flama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi uygulama \u00f6rne\u011fi olurken COVID-19 krizi yeni ve beklenmedik zorluklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. UNHCR, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131na teknik, personel ve malzeme deste\u011fi sunmaya devam ederken hassas durumdaki uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filere ve yerel toplulu\u011fa do\u011frudan yard\u0131mda bulunacak \u015fekilde programlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca topluluk kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal uyumu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek \u00fczere belediyeler ve yerel makamlarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f ve topluluklarla ileti\u015fim, acil nakit yard\u0131m\u0131, hijyen malzemeleri ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan materyallerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 konular\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filere ve ev sahibi toplulu\u011fa sa\u011flanan destek konusunda ilk durak olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yerel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftirme noktas\u0131nda kilit akt\u00f6rler olan T\u00fcrkiye genelindeki belediyeler, on y\u0131ld\u0131r birlikte ya\u015faman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan daha da \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelen sosyal uyum konusu d\u00e2hil bir\u00e7ok konuda \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeyde destek sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Belediyeler -\u00f6zellikle COVID-19 pandemisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda- en acil ihtiya\u00e7lara yan\u0131t verme konusunda uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerle birlikte en hassas konumdaki ki\u015filere de destek verme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. UNHCR T\u00fcrkiye, bu t\u00fcr \u00e7abalar\u0131n yerel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6neminin fark\u0131ndad\u0131r, bu sebeple belediyelerin uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerle ev sahibi topluluk \u00fcyelerini desteklemeye ve aralar\u0131ndaki sosyal uyumu artt\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerini kaynaklar\u0131yla birlikte desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2021\u2019de UNHCR, COVID-19\u2019la ilgili farkl\u0131 dillerde d\u00fczenli ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamaya devam etmi\u015f; ilgi\/ yetki alan\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ve uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde ileti\u015fim stratejilerini \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmi\u015f; \u00e7e\u015fitli dijital ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ve dan\u0131\u015fma hatt\u0131, sosyal medya platformlar\u0131, <em>Help (Yard\u0131m)<\/em> internet sitesi, hizmet dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, topluluklarla oturumlar ve telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleriyle eri\u015fimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir.<br>COVID-19 tedbirleri ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin ola\u011fan raporlama ve destek mekanizmalar\u0131na eri\u015fimleri konusundaki zorluklara yan\u0131t olarak UNHCR, Eyl\u00fcl 2020\u2019de kurulan dan\u0131\u015fma hatt\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddet konusuna tahsis edilmi\u015f kanal\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fletmeye devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu kanal, arayan risk alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filerle toplumsal cinsiyete dayal\u0131 \u015fiddete maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filere raporlama ve destek mekanizmalar\u0131yla ilgili kaydedilmi\u015f mesaj\u0131 dinleme, bir operat\u00f6re ba\u011flanarak canl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k alma ve belirlenen zaman diliminde geri aranmak \u00fczere ileti\u015fim bilgilerini b\u0131rakmalar\u0131na olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">COVID-19 pandemisiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ekonomik etki, uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerin temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r ve olumsuz \u015fekilde etkilemi\u015ftir. UNHCR, COVID-19 pandemisinden etkilenen ve ba\u015fka sosyal yard\u0131m almayan 88.799 haneye sa\u011flanan tek seferlik \u201cCOVID-19 Acil Nakit Yard\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ilk turunu Mart 2021\u2019de tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011finde ve hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 PTT arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla verilen 1.000 TL tek seferlik nakit yard\u0131m\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015filerin en acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. UNHCR, Kas\u0131m 2021\u2019de devletin T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sosyal yard\u0131m plan\u0131na uygun ve T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay\/ Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 ve K\u0131z\u0131lay Dernekleri Federasyonunun \u201cYabanc\u0131lara Y\u00f6nelik Sosyal Uyum Yard\u0131m Program\u0131 (SUY)\/ Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 SUY Program\u0131\u201dyla koordineli \u015fekilde miktar\u0131 yenilenen hane ba\u015f\u0131 1.100 TL yard\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 85.000 hanenin desteklenmesini hedefleyen ba\u015fka bir tek seferlik COVID-19 nakit yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pandemi, e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecini de etkilemi\u015ftir. Okullar, \u00fcniversiteler, teknik ve mesleki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131; e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren ki\u015fileri, \u00f6\u011frencileri ve \u00f6\u011fretmenleri etkilerken UNHCR \u00fclke genelinde 16 ilde 114 okulda her birinin 15-20 \u00f6\u011frenci kapasitesi bulunan \u201cE\u011fitim Bili\u015fim A\u011f\u0131 (EBA)\u201d noktalar\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 konusunda Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na destek vermi\u015ftir. UNHCR, sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmen deste\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011fretmenler i\u00e7in diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar deste\u011fine ilaveten merkezlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan 2.000\u2019den fazla bilgisayar temin etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pandemi sonucu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131, 2020\u2019de \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirme i\u015fleminin ge\u00e7ici durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirme say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tarih\u00ee bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131, yerle\u015ftirme \u00fclkeleri ve UNHCR yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamaya devam ederken yerle\u015ftirme akt\u00f6rlerinin tamam\u0131 eski kapasitelerini yeniden kazanmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmektedir. Bu ko\u015fullara ra\u011fmen 2021\u2019de 12.270 ki\u015finin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirme dosyas\u0131 14 \u00fclkeye sunulmu\u015ftur. %76\u2019s\u0131 Suriyeli, %12\u2019si Afgan ve %12\u2019si di\u011fer uyruklardan olmak \u00fczere 400 ki\u015fi 13 \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yerle\u015ftirme \u00fclkelerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yerle\u015ftirme kontenjan\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirme konusunda temel zorluk te\u015fkil etmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7ok say\u0131da uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015fi i\u00e7in uygulanan politikalar di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin politikalar\u0131na rehberlik etme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6rnek olmaya devam ederken UNHCR, \u00fclkenin pandemi nedeniyle zor ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda olan d\u00f6rt milyon uluslararas\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ki\u015fiye ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde mali yard\u0131m, daha fazla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yerle\u015ftirme kontenjan\u0131 ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 yollar d\u00e2hil daha fazla sorumluluk payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulunulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik savunuculuk yapmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-1\"><strong>1.<\/strong> UNHCR (2021). Global Trends Report 2021, https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/publications\/brochures\/62a9d1494\/global-trends-report-2021.html<br>At\u0131f\u00a0<a href=\"#atif-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UNHCR\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k K\u00fcresel E\u011filimleri Raporu\u2019na1 g\u00f6re 2021 sonu itibar\u0131yla sava\u015f, \u015fiddet, zul\u00fcm ve insan haklar\u0131 suistimalleri nedeniyle yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 8 artarak ve 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki say\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak 89,3 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2021\u2019de say\u0131lar\u0131 27,1 milyona y\u00fckselen m\u00fcltecilerin \u00e7o\u011funa, bir kez daha, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kaynaklara sahip kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler ev&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/2021de-unhcr-turkiye-calismalari\/\">Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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