{"id":2755,"date":"2023-07-12T14:54:19","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T11:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=2755"},"modified":"2024-05-15T12:55:09","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T09:55:09","slug":"sosyoekonomik-tezatlar-caginda-turkiyedeki-insani-yardim-ve-is-gucu-piyasasi-politikalarina-iliskin-bir-degerlendirme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/sosyoekonomik-tezatlar-caginda-turkiyedeki-insani-yardim-ve-is-gucu-piyasasi-politikalarina-iliskin-bir-degerlendirme\/","title":{"rendered":"Sosyoekonomik Tezatlar \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0130nsani Yard\u0131m ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasas\u0131 Politikalar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Bir De\u011ferlendirme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 afetler, etkisi g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, kurakl\u0131k, sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle zorla yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar \u015feklinde karakterize etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (ILO) <em>K\u00fcresel \u00d6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hayat\u0131 \u0130zleme Raporu\u2019<\/em>nda<a id=\"atif-1\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-1\">1<\/a><\/sup> alt\u0131 \u00e7izildi\u011fi \u00fczere siyasi, ekonomik ve do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 krizlerin etkisi, birbirini tetikleyip toplumun \u00f6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131lgan kesimlerini orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde etkileyerek artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu krizlerin yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilece\u011fimiz dinamiklerden biri de ku\u015fkusuz g\u00f6\u00e7 ve zorla yerinden edilmedir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi 2022 verilerine g\u00f6re89 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n insan\u0131n kendi \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde veya \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu devasa hareketlili\u011fin %20\u2019si 0-17 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7lerden, %26\u2019s\u0131 ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n ve erkeklerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00fczere geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zorlu ve uzun vadeli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<a id=\"atif-2\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-2\">2<\/a><\/sup> <a id=\"atif-3\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-3\">3<\/a><\/sup> Yerinden edilen n\u00fcfusun olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ihtimalinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu bu tablo, hareketlili\u011fin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren temel ve acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik insani yard\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n, e\u011fitim ve istihdama eri\u015fim gibi kalk\u0131nma politikalar\u0131yla desteklenmesinin gereklili\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kuruldu\u011fu 1919\u2019dan bu yana kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde (h\u00fck\u00fbmet, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren temsilcilerinin ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) ILO t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada sosyal adaleti ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, insana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015flere eri\u015fimi destekleyerek uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma standartlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmektedir. 100. ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakan ILO, kurulu\u015fundan bu yana zorla yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n insana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015flere eri\u015ferek hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda <em>ILO Anayasas\u0131<\/em> da kendi \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131lan ki\u015filer de d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 prensibine yer verir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sosyal g\u00fcvenceye eri\u015fim, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gibi kritik konularda s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve tavsiye kararlardan olu\u015fan ILO normatif \u00e7er\u00e7evesi; k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte Afrika, Arap \u00fclkeleri, Asya ve Pasifik, Avrupa ve Orta Asya, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler\u2019de zorla yerinden edilen gruplara y\u00f6nelik i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m ve entegrasyon politikalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kapsaml\u0131 bir i\u015f birli\u011fi portf\u00f6y\u00fc sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu portf\u00f6y, insani yard\u0131m programlar\u0131yla kalk\u0131nma ve sosyal politikalar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine kritik \u00f6nem atfetmektedir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ILO\u2019nun en kapsaml\u0131 m\u00fclteci destek programlar\u0131ndan birini y\u00fcr\u00fcten ILO T\u00fcrkiye Ofisinin edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbeler farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki t\u00fcm bu programlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015f ve katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2020\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan m\u00fclteciler ve di\u011fer zorla yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015filerin i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na eri\u015fimine y\u00f6nelik tecr\u00fcbe ve iyi \u00f6rneklerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi <em>ILO Raporu<\/em> da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin m\u00fclteci destek programlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemle \u00e7izmektedir.<a id=\"atif-4\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-4\">4<\/a><\/sup> Bahsi ge\u00e7en raporda \u201cM\u00fclteciler ve Di\u011fer Zorla Yerinden Edilmi\u015f Ki\u015filerin \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasas\u0131na Eri\u015fimine \u0130li\u015fkin Rehber \u0130lkeler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda 34 temel ilke s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ilkelere 205 No.lu Bar\u0131\u015f ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u0130\u00e7in \u0130stihdam ve \u0130nsana Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u0130\u015f Tavsiye Karar\u0131\u2019nda da yer verilmektedir. T\u00fcm bu referans belgeler, m\u00fcltecilere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli aktif istihdam politikalar\u0131 uygulayan ILO\u2019nun, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekleyen politika yap\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine y\u00f6n veren normatif rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin birer \u00f6rnek olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2016\u2019dan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uygulanan \u201cM\u00fclteci Destek Program\u0131\u201d da hem ILO\u2019nun norm geli\u015ftirme rol\u00fcn\u00fc hem de h\u00fck\u00fbmet, i\u015fveren ve i\u015f\u00e7i temsilcilerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 tarafl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olup \u00fc\u00e7 temel bile\u015fenden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu bile\u015fenler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Emek arz\u0131n\u0131n, beceri geli\u015ftirme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik aktif istihdam politikalar\u0131yla desteklenmesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik programlarla kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fletmelerin kay\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015finin desteklenmesi&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130nsana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015flerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 y\u00f6neti\u015fiminin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclteci hareketlili\u011fine neden olan Suriye krizinin 12. y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye en \u00e7ok m\u00fclteciye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u00fclke olmaya devam etmektedir. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana 10 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik riskleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f senaryolar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in h\u00e2len erken bir d\u00f6nemde olundu\u011fu sonucuna varmak yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fclteci destek programlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki sosyoekonomik geli\u015fmelerle paralellik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle m\u00fclteci hareketlili\u011fi \u00f6ncesinde de zorlu sosyoekonomik ko\u015fullarla m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalan ev sahibi \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<a id=\"atif-5\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-5\">5<\/a><\/sup> Politika yap\u0131m ve uygulama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini bu saikle tasarlayan Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, m\u00fclteci i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ev sahibi \u00fclkelerin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc destekleyen ve k\u00fcresel firmalar\u0131 cezbeden bir katma de\u011fer olarak<a id=\"atif-6\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-6\">6<\/a><\/sup> <a id=\"atif-7\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-7\">7<\/a><\/sup> de\u011ferlendirmekte ve sosyoekonomik krizlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde kendilerini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak konumland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda ILO T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi M\u00fclteci Destek Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durdu\u011fu i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde belirleyici rol oynayan iki \u00f6nemli tema bulunmaktad\u0131r: <em>(i) <\/em>k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve ye\u015fil i\u015fler, <em>(ii)<\/em> otomasyon ve dijitalle\u015fmeyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen becerilerle bunlar\u0131n belgelendirilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, etkisini sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda giderek art\u0131r\u0131rken do\u011fan\u0131n koruma-kullanma dengesine dair geli\u015fmeler k\u00fcresel politika platformlar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ulusal kamu planlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin kritik bir parametresi olmas\u0131 gereklili\u011finin de alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ye\u015fil i\u015fler ve ye\u015fil becerilere y\u00f6nelik programlar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sosyal ve ekonomik dokunun \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlikle kapsay\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim temelleri \u00fczerinde yeniden kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini not d\u00fc\u015fmek gerekir. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve ye\u015fil toparlanmay\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in ye\u015fil ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomiye y\u00f6nelik mevcut adaletsizlikleri tekrarlay\u0131p derinle\u015ftirmeyen politikalar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar gereklidir. Bu noktada bir i\u015fin ye\u015fil olabilmesi i\u00e7in sadece \u00e7evresel fayda yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda insana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmedir: Adil \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvence, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve toplu pazarl\u0131k, cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi, mesleki ve ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 da ye\u015fil i\u015fler tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcveleridir. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ye\u015fil i\u015fleri tan\u0131mlarken kalk\u0131nma g\u00fcndeminde 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren daha \u00e7ok yer almaya ba\u015flayan ye\u015fil ekonomiye de yer vermek gerekir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre Program\u0131 (UNEP), ye\u015fil ekonomiyi sosyal adalet ve refah\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131rken \u00e7evresel riskleri ve ekolojik sorunlar\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir model olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r.<a id=\"atif-8\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-8\">8<\/a><\/sup> Bu tan\u0131mdan hareketle ILO ve UNEP ye\u015fil i\u015fleri; tar\u0131m, sanayi, AR-GE, idari i\u015fler ve hizmetler gibi bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde, \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na veya \u00e7evre kalitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan i\u015fler olarak \u00f6zetlemektedir.<a id=\"atif-9\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-9\">9<\/a><\/sup> ILO, bu konudaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda adil ge\u00e7i\u015f ve iklim adaleti g\u00fcndemlerine yer verip kritik \u00f6nemlerinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ILO, ye\u015fil b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi insan kaynaklar\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde konumland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131 (UNDP) ile ortak haz\u0131rlanan <em>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Ye\u015fil Ekonomi Politikalar\u0131n\u0131n Sosyal ve \u0130stihdam Etkileri Raporu<\/em> bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye fosil yak\u0131tlar yerine yenilenebilir enerjiye yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak 2030\u2019a kadar gayrisafi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lda 8 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 daha art\u0131rabilecek, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 2019 d\u00fczeyine g\u00f6re %8 azaltabilecek ve 300 bini a\u015fk\u0131n yeni i\u015f yaratabilecek potansiyele sahiptir.<a id=\"atif-10\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-10\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0130laveten r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f gibi ye\u015fil enerji kaynaklar\u0131na yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evre bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yarar sa\u011flamakla kalmayaca\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli krizler aras\u0131nda yer alan enerji krizine de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu bulgulara paralel olarak tasarlanacak e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 ve istihdam destekleri hem m\u00fcltecilerin kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131na hem de T\u00fcrkiye lehine sosyal, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel fayda sa\u011flamas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zorla yerinden edilen gruplar\u0131n sosyal yard\u0131m mekanizmalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan adil \u00fccretlerle hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirebilmeleri ve ev sahibi \u00fclke ekonomilerine aktif i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmeleri i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fen \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerine uygun teknik ve mesleki becerilerini g\u00fcncel tutabilmeleri, mesleki geli\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na eri\u015febilmeleri kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu noktada y\u00fcksek teknolojiye dayal\u0131 \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gerekli nitelikli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc geli\u015ftirilmesine ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te insan\u0131 ve sosyal adaleti politika yap\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin merkezinde konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bulunmaktad\u0131r.<a id=\"atif-11\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-11\">11<\/a><\/sup> <a id=\"atif-12\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-12\">12<\/a><\/sup> <a id=\"atif-13\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-13\">13<\/a><\/sup> <a id=\"atif-14\"><\/a><sup><a href=\"#kaynakca-14\">14<\/a><\/sup> Bu tablo, insani yard\u0131mla e\u011fitim ve istihdam gibi kalk\u0131nma politikalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi gereken ba\u011fa somut bir \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sosyal adalet ilkesi ve ILO\u2019nun hayat boyu \u00f6\u011frenme hakk\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 prensiplere uygun olarak ILO T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi de dijitalle\u015fme ve otomasyon trendlerine paralel, e\u011fitim odakl\u0131 aktivasyon programlar\u0131 uygulamaktad\u0131r. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak <em>(i)<\/em> piyasadaki a\u00e7\u0131k pozisyonlara paralel se\u00e7ilen \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131m e\u011fitimleri, <em>(ii)<\/em> teknolojik geli\u015fmelerle i\u015fin tan\u0131m\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen, farkl\u0131 dillerde \u00e7evirim i\u00e7i hizmet veren m\u00fc\u015fteri hizmetleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n veri analiz ve kodlama becerilerinin geli\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojileri \u00fczerine beceri geli\u015ftirme e\u011fitimleri verilebilir. Bununla birlikte yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en belirgin \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n, mallar\u0131n ve hizmetlerin hareketlili\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcltecilerin uluslararas\u0131 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan mesleki yeterlilik sistemlerine eri\u015febilmesinin \u00f6nemi vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 yeterlilik \u00e7er\u00e7evelerinin i\u015flevselli\u011fiyle yetkinlik ve deneyimlerin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 ve belgelendirilmesi, odak gerektiren bir politika alan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu alana ili\u015fkin at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki m\u00fcltecilerin i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne eri\u015fim politikalar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda da ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015f ve h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geleneksel anlamda insani yard\u0131m faaliyetleri tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, dijitalle\u015fme ve otomasyonla de\u011fi\u015fen istihdam politikalar\u0131yla paralellik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi tezi yenilik\u00e7i bir tutum de\u011fil bir gereklilik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Zorla yerinden edilen gruplar\u0131n pasif birer yararlan\u0131c\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ev sahibi \u00fclkelere sosyal, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel fayda sa\u011flayan \u00fcretken ki\u015filer olarak konumlanabilmesi i\u00e7in bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kabul g\u00f6rmesi kritik bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tetikleyen parametrelerin on y\u0131llar boyunca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kalaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kalk\u0131nma politikalar\u0131yla insani yard\u0131m politikalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi temenni de\u011fil zorunluluk olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle insana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r i\u015f; yoksullu\u011fun son erdirilmesi, iklim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131, adil payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n tahsisini merkezine alan ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00fcyesi t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerce kabul edilmi\u015f \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri\u201dnden birisi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son olarak zorla yerinden edilenler, kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar ve t\u00fcm insanlar i\u00e7in e\u015fitsizliklerin ve yoksullu\u011fun ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131, adaletin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, daha ye\u015fil ve daha iyi bir gelece\u011fin bar\u0131\u015f ve adaletle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izilmelidir. ILO\u2019nun t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da bu prensip \u00fczerine kuruludur:<br><em>Sivis pacem, cole justatium<\/em> <em>[Bar\u0131\u015f ar\u0131yorsan adalet ek.].<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-1\"><strong>1.<\/strong> ILO. (2022). <em>ILO Monitor on the world of work. Tenth edition Multiple crises threaten the global labour market recovery<\/em> https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;dcomm\/&#8212;publ\/documents\/briefingnote\/wcms_859255.pdf<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-2\"><strong>2.<\/strong> Erdo\u011fan, M. M., Kiri\u015fci, K. ve Uysal, G. (2021). Improving Syrian Refugee Inclusion in the Turkish Economy. <em>World Refugee &amp; Migration Council Research Report<\/em><br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-3\"><strong>3.<\/strong> Zetter, R. (2021). Refugees and Their Return Home: Unsettling Matters.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Refugee Studies<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>34<\/em>(1), s.7-22.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-4\"><strong>4.<\/strong> ILO (2020). <em>Employment and decent work in refugee and other forced displacement contexts<\/em> https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/labour-migration\/publications\/WCMS_763174\/lang&#8211;en\/index.htm<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-5\"><strong>5.<\/strong> Karsl\u0131 Varol, G. (2022).&nbsp;<em>An Evaluation of the Role of Active Labour Market Policies on Syrian Refugees\u2019 Access to the Labour Market: The Case of ILO in Turkey<\/em>. Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi. Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-6\"><strong>6.<\/strong> Betts, A., Collier, P. (2015). Help refugees help themselves: Let displaced Syrians join the labor market. <em>Foreign Aff., 94<\/em>(6), s. 82-94.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-7\"><strong>7.<\/strong> Zetter, R., Ruaudel, H. (2018). Refugees\u2019 right to work and access to labour markets: Constraints, challenges and ways forward. <em>Forced Migration Review<\/em>, (58), 4-7.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-8\"><strong>8.<\/strong> Detaylar i\u00e7in bk. https:\/\/www.unep.org\/pt-br\/node\/23750#:~:text=The%20UN%20Environment%20Programme%20has,in%20carbon%2C%20resource%20efficient%20and<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-9\"><strong>9.<\/strong> ILO. (2008). <em>Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World<\/em> https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/green-jobs\/publications\/WCMS_158727\/lang&#8211;en\/index.htm<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-10\"><strong>10.<\/strong> ILO ve UNDP. (2022). <em>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Ye\u015fil Ekonomi Politikalar\u0131n\u0131n Sosyal ve \u0130stihdam Etkileri<\/em> https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/ankara\/publications\/WCMS_852774\/lang&#8211;tr\/index.htm<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-11\"><strong>11.<\/strong> Goldin, C., Katz, L. F. (2020). Extending the race between education and technology. <em>AEA Papers and Proceedings<\/em>, (110), s. 347-51.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-12\"><strong>12.<\/strong> Silva, V. (2022). The ILO and the future of work: The politics of global labour policy. <em>Global Social Policy, 22<\/em>(2), s. 341-358.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-13\"><strong>13.<\/strong> Chia, Y. Sheng, Y. Z. (2022). From Lifelong Learning to Lifelong Employability: How SkillsFuture Has Re-conceptualised Higher Education for the Future of Work. \u0130\u00e7inde: LG, B. (ed.). <em>Higher Education and Job Employability<\/em>, s. 179-194. Springer.<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kaynakca-14\"><strong>14.<\/strong> ILO. (2016). <em>Research Department Working Paper n\u00b029 The Future of Work: A Literature Review<\/em> https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/research\/publications\/working-papers\/WCMS_625866\/lang&#8211;en\/index.htm<br>At\u0131f&nbsp;<a href=\"#atif-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 afetler, etkisi g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, kurakl\u0131k, sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle zorla yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar \u015feklinde karakterize etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (ILO) K\u00fcresel \u00d6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hayat\u0131 \u0130zleme Raporu\u2019nda1 alt\u0131 \u00e7izildi\u011fi \u00fczere siyasi, ekonomik ve do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 krizlerin etkisi, birbirini tetikleyip toplumun \u00f6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131lgan kesimlerini orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde etkileyerek&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/sosyoekonomik-tezatlar-caginda-turkiyedeki-insani-yardim-ve-is-gucu-piyasasi-politikalarina-iliskin-bir-degerlendirme\/\">Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kurumsal-degerlendirmeler","years-60","institution-ilo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2755"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}