Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki 3,5 milyona yak\u0131n Suriyelinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 400 binin \u00fczerinde uluslararas\u0131 koruma alt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 milliyetlerden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada 2022\u2019de en fazla say\u0131da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131ya ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde 2022 sonu itibar\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 koruma verilen ilk \u00fc\u00e7 uyruk, s\u0131ras\u0131yla 19.400 ile Afganistan, 7.131 ile Ukrayna, 4.083 ile Irak\u2019t\u0131r. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131klanan resm\u00ee verilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2022\u2019de ilk defa ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki Suriyelilerin say\u0131s\u0131nda 200 binden fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kendi istekleriyle \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nen Suriyeliler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilen Suriyelilerin say\u0131s\u0131 da ge\u00e7en y\u0131la g\u00f6re %161 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca mek\u00e2nsal yo\u011funla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve homojen yap\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ad\u0131na yabanc\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011funun T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcfusuna oranla % 20\u2019yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 63 ili kapsayan 1.169 mahallede ise yeni yabanc\u0131 ba\u015fvurular\u0131 ve adres de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hizmetleri kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum geri g\u00f6nderme, sosyal uyum, mevcut g\u00f6\u00e7men gruba temel haklar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi uygulamalar\u0131n bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 olarak da de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye, 2011\u2019den itibaren i\u00e7 sava\u015f nedeniyle Suriye\u2019den kabul etti\u011fi kitlesel zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 sebebiyle hem uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n hem de yerel kurumlar\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 projelerinin \u00f6nemli taraflar\u0131ndan biri h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede 2022\u2019de ba\u015fta G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u0131lay olmak \u00fczere Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (IOM) ve Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 Politikalar\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme Merkezi (ICMPD) gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ve sivil toplumun deste\u011fiyle y\u00fczden fazla proje y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f veya devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eriklere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu projelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00fclkemizde ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul, Gaziantep, \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Hatay, Adana, Mersin illerinde ya\u015fayan ge\u00e7ici koruma alt\u0131ndaki Suriyelilere ve uluslararas\u0131 koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilen di\u011fer \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda ise 2022\u2019de Taliban\u2019\u0131n \u00fclkede y\u00f6netimi devralmas\u0131 ve \u0130ran \u00fczerinden g\u00f6\u00e7 bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Afganistan kaynakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Yakalanan d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131 454.662 ile 2019\u2019daki zirveye eri\u015fmese de pandemi sonras\u0131nda ivme kazanarak 258 bin \u00fczerinde seyir izlemi\u015ftir. 2022\u2019de d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Afganistan uyruklu ki\u015filer olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Suriye ise 45 binle d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketlerinde de kaynak \u00fclke olarak ikinci s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. D\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7le m\u00fccadelede kolluk kuvvetleri deniz ve kara s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fcstlerine d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmi\u015ftir. 2022\u2019de d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn akt\u00f6rlerinden g\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 9.149 ile son 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde en fazla say\u0131da yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130nsani g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n geri itme faaliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k umuda yolculukta \u00f6l\u00fcm denizi h\u00e2line gelen Ege Denizi\u2019nde T\u00fcrk Sahil G\u00fcvenlik ekipleri kurtarma operasyonlar\u0131 da d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
2022\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan konular; d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6nlenmesi, geri g\u00f6nderme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin geli\u015ftirilmesidir. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de D\u00fczensiz G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Yeniden Entegrasyonu\u201d ile \u201cGeri G\u00f6nderme Merkezlerinin Kapasitelerinin Desteklenmesi ve \u0130dari G\u00f6zetime Alternatif Tedbirlerin Geli\u015ftirilmesi\u201d projeleri ve T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkemiz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda desteklenen kamp ve yetimhanelerle s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgedeki hayat\u0131n yeniden tesisi ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hedeflenmektedir. G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan verilere g\u00f6re 2022\u2019de geri g\u00f6nderme merkezlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 30\u2019a, kapasitesi ise 20.540\u2019a y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f; Suriye\u2019de g\u00fcvenli h\u00e2le getirilen b\u00f6lgelere ise 58.758 Suriyeli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130laveten g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin sosyal ve ekonomik hayata kat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ise \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda devam etmektedir. Sosyal Uyum ve Ya\u015fam E\u011fitimleri (SUYE) kapsam\u0131nda ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l 1.395.055 ki\u015fiye e\u011fitim verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2022\u2019de \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan yasal d\u00fczenlemelerden biri ise 02.02.2022 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete<\/em>\u2019de T.C. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Kanunu Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/em> kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izilen \u201cYabanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130zni Muafiyeti\u201ddir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeyle profesyonel ve nitelikli insan hareketlili\u011finin olumlu etkilenmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda 2022 ba\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerden biri de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 21 \u015eubat 2022\u2019de i\u015fgali sonucu ba\u015flayan sava\u015f neticesinde Ukrayna vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi olmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 takiben ilk iki ayda y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015fan 12 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n insan yerlerinden edilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede be\u015f milyondan fazla ki\u015fi ba\u015fta Polonya, Romanya, Macaristan, Slovakya, \u00c7ekya, Almanya, Moldova, hatta \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya gibi \u00fclkelere giderek s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye de Ukrayna\u2019dan gelen kayda de\u011fer bir say\u0131da ge\u00e7ici ve\/veya kal\u0131c\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7mene ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 600 binin \u00fczerinde Ukraynal\u0131 gelmi\u015f ancak bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu farkl\u0131 sebeplerle \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son verilere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ikamet izniyle bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131k 46 bin ve uluslararas\u0131 koruma ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan 7.131 Ukraynal\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a heterojen bir grup oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Stalin d\u00f6neminde zorunlu olarak yerlerinden edilmi\u015f Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 1994 K\u0131r\u0131m ilhak\u0131yla Ukrayna\u2019da ba\u015fka \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 eden K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 da bu son sava\u015fla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131lay, Ukrayna i\u00e7indeki yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 2022 boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma merkezlerine yerle\u015ftirilen Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrklerine K\u0131z\u0131laykart arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nakit deste\u011finde bulunmu\u015f; K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ukrayna Yard\u0131m Kampanyas\u0131\u2019na Turkcell\u2019den de maddi destek sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 sosyal uyuma ve insani yard\u0131mlara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yer vermi\u015ftir. Psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, e\u011fitimde f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi ve eri\u015fimiyle birlikle \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ekonomik ve sosyal konularda g\u00fcvenli alanlar yaratmaya y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya \u00f6nceden var olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar ve G\u00f6\u00e7menlerle Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi [SGDD, Association for Solidarity with Asylum Seekers and Migrants (ASAM)] taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u201cUkraynal\u0131 S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Hatt\u0131 veM\u00fclteci \u00c7ocuklara Y\u00f6nelik Al Farah \u00c7ocuk ve Aile Destek Merkezleri Projesi\u201d gibi ad\u0131mlarla yeni g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131na, kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik daha lokal ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm odakl\u0131 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli hizmetlere eri\u015fimleri konusunda uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, kamu kurumlar\u0131 ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc projelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2022\u2019de Kremlin\u2019in seferberlik ilan\u0131n\u0131n sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmeye ba\u015flayan, genellikle dijital sekt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 beyaz yakal\u0131lardan olu\u015fan veya \u201cdijital g\u00f6\u00e7men (digital nomad)\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131labilen Ruslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi bir art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Nisan 2023 verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Rusya\u2019dan gelip ikamet izniyle bulunan 154 bin 817 ki\u015fi, k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem ikamet izniyle \u00fclkede kalan 131 bin 659 ki\u015fi ve aile ikamet izniyle \u00fclkede kalan 7.465 ki\u015fi kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Bu grubun yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 illerden biri olan Antalya\u2019da Rus \u015firket say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nce y\u0131la g\u00f6re %527 oran\u0131nda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022\u2019de uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan projeler, genellikle Ukrayna\u2019dan gelen s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik olanlar ve \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen say\u0131lar\u0131 4 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n ge\u00e7ici koruma ve uluslararas\u0131 koruma alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal uyumunu sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Buna g\u00f6re geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler, insan ticaretiyle m\u00fccadele, geri g\u00f6nderme merkezlerinin kapasitesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi, uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 konusunda kamu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve do\u011fru bilinen yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi, d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7 y\u00f6netimi, d\u00fczenli g\u00f6\u00e7 olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmaya dayal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, insana yara\u015f\u0131r i\u015flere eri\u015fim ve yeteneklerin kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve sivil toplumla pek \u00e7ok proje y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer projelerde g\u00f6\u00e7menlere\/ s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik istihdam sa\u011flamak, mesleki e\u011fitim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 yaratmak ve hem d\u00fczenli hem de d\u00fczensiz g\u00f6\u00e7menlere hizmet veren kurumlar\u0131n kapasitelerini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi (ILO, T\u00fcrkiye) taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u201cGe\u00e7ici Koruma Alt\u0131ndaki Suriyeliler ve T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130nsana Yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u0130\u015f F\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n Desteklenmesi Projesi\u201d, ICMPD taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Sosyoekonomik Uyum \u0130\u00e7in Giri\u015fimcilik Kapasitelerinin \u0130yile\u015ftirilmesi (ENHANCER) Projesi\u201d ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u0130\u015ften Sosyal Uyuma Projesi\u201d gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Hatay, \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Kayseri gibi farkl\u0131 dinamiklere sahip \u015fehirlerde toplumsal cinsiyet ve f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek verilen giri\u015fimcilik e\u011fitimlerinden, mentorluk desteklerinden ve ekonomik katk\u0131lardan \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7men yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yararlanmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcniversite b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 merkezleri ise uluslararas\u0131 bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcniversiteler aras\u0131nda i\u015f birlikleri kurmu\u015f, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 projeler y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, yerel toplumun g\u00f6\u00e7menlere y\u00f6nelik bilincinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ad\u0131na akademik bilgi \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Ankara Sosyal Bilimler \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fcresel G\u00f6\u00e7 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Uygulamalar\u0131 Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda farkl\u0131 konularda T\u00fcrk ve yabanc\u0131 akademisyenlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lan webinar dizileriyle IOM ve G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Yaz Okulu\u201d, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00d6teki Hik\u00e2yeler: G\u00f6\u00e7, Sanat, Birlikte Ya\u015fam\u201d adl\u0131 podcast serisi, herkese a\u00e7\u0131k ders ve konferanslar ile Ko\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 ve kent ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kesi\u015fiminde disiplinleraras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitimi desteklemek amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen T\u00fcm bu projeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle i\u015f hayat\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131ma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik projelerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn 11. y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu kadar fazla say\u0131da olmas\u0131 ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n\/ g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n tesisi konusunda eksik kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla Suriyeli g\u00f6\u00e7menlere odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Burada g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi gereken nokta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2022 itibar\u0131yla ba\u015fta Afganistan ve Ukrayna olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden de gelen insan hareketliliklerine a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fudur. \u015eu an i\u00e7in Suriyelilere oranla say\u0131lar\u0131 az bir grup olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclseler de h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda sosyal uyumu sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131n \u00fczerine eklenmeleri, elde edilen ilerlemeye zarar verebilir. Bu sebeple y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen projelerin etki alan\u0131ndaki g\u00f6\u00e7men gruplar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak ve grup i\u00e7i farkl\u0131l\u0131klara cevap verecek \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilmesi, proje t\u00fcr\u00fc veya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ziyade ne kadar etkili ve de\u011fi\u015fim odakl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6\u00e7ler kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na giden ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131nda da belirgin bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdir. 2022\u2019ye ili\u015fkin veri hen\u00fcz yay\u0131mlanmamakla beraber 2021 verilerine g\u00f6re 287 bin 651 ki\u015fi \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n 103 bin 613\u2019\u00fc T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131yken di\u011ferleri ise yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ki\u015filerdir. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanan bir grup Suriyelinin de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitti\u011fi yolunda saptamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu grubun %12,3\u2019\u00fc 20-24 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, %12,1\u2019si 25-29 ve %10,7\u2019si de 30-34 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7le ilgili deneyimi ve y\u00f6netme kapasitesi son y\u0131llarda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sosyal uyum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yan\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f konusuna da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmektedir. Son geli\u015fmelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda siyasi ve akademik oda\u011f\u0131n hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den giden vas\u0131fl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne de kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n elzem oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nitelikli d\u00fczenli g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc merkeze alan yeni bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, bir yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaybetti\u011fi nitelikli g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn nedenlerini ve bu ki\u015filerin g\u00f6\u00e7 motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmekte; di\u011fer yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelen vas\u0131fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan itici ve \u00e7ekici fakt\u00f6rlerin belirlenmesi, kapasite b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve daha verimli y\u00f6nlendirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve kurumlar\u0131n gelecek y\u0131l g\u00fcndeminde olmas\u0131 beklenen konular aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphesiz iklim ve afet kaynakl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ler, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle yap\u0131lacak yeni k\u00fclfet payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar gelmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve ekonomik politik geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131; Antroposen \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda insan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi; deprem, sel, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar gibi do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 afetler nedeniyle \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler; \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve yeni sava\u015flar sebebiyle di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden gelebilecek yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131; mevcut ve yeni g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelere yeniden yerle\u015ftirilmesi ile yerel halkla sosyal temas noktalar\u0131ndaki sorunlar\u0131n belirlenmesi gibi konular\u0131n ve h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik alan yaratma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n nitelikli g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00e7ekim alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden yer almas\u0131 beklenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma \u0130statistikleri <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/uluslararasi-koruma-istatistikler 2. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). Ge\u00e7ici Koruma <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/gecici-koruma5638 3. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2023). 2022 G\u00f6\u00e7 Y\u00f6netimi Faaliyetleri <\/em>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cTNCgkBWEfU 4. <\/strong>Ak\u00e7apar, \u015e.K. (2022). Afganistan\u2019dan G\u00f6\u00e7 Hareketleri<\/em>, Onur Ender Aslan (Der.) \u0130\u00e7inde Afganistan: Devlet ve Toplum. Ankara: T\u0130AV Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. 5. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). D\u00fczensiz G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130statistikleri <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/duzensiz-goc-istatistikler 6. <\/strong>\u00c7SGB. (2022). E- Muafiyet <\/em>https:\/\/emuafiyet.csgb.gov.tr\/welcome 7. <\/strong>UNHCR. (2022). Operational Data Portal Ukraine Refugee Situation<\/em>, https:\/\/ data.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/ukraine 8. <\/strong>Parusel, B. ve Varfolomieieva, V. (2022). European Policy Analysis. The Ukrainian Refugee Situation: Lessons for EU Asylum Policy. Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies: <\/em>https:\/\/www.sieps.se\/en\/publications\/2022\/the-ukrainian-refugee-situation-lessons-for-eu-asylum-policy\/; Teke-Llyod, A. & Sirkeci, \u0130. (2022). A Long-Term View of Refugee Flows from Ukraine: War, Insecurities, and Migration. Migration Letters, 19<\/em>(4), s. 523-535. 9. <\/strong>Bil\u0131k, A. (2022). Ankara Eryaman\u2019da \u00c7ocuklar ve Bak\u0131m Verenlerine Sa\u011flanan Hizmetler<\/em>. Belgesel Geli\u015fmeler \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Ukraynal\u0131lar Paneli. Ankara: SGDD-ASAM. 10. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/ 11. <\/strong>T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay. (2022). K\u0131z\u0131lay Ukrayna \u0130\u00e7lerindeki Yard\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor <\/em>https:\/\/www.kizilay.org.tr\/Haber\/HaberArsiviDetay\/6739 12. <\/strong>T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay. (2022). Ge\u00e7ici Bar\u0131nma Merkezi\u2019ne Yerle\u015ftirilen Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrklerine K\u0131z\u0131laykart Deste\u011fi <\/em>https:\/\/www.kizilay.org.tr\/Haber\/HaberArsiviDetay\/7053 13. <\/strong>T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay. (2022). K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019\u0131n Ukrayna Yard\u0131m Kampanyas\u0131na Turkcell\u2019den Destek <\/em>https:\/\/www.kizilay.org.tr\/Haber\/HaberArsiviDetay\/6770 14. <\/strong>SGDD. (2022). Ukraynal\u0131 S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Hatt\u0131 <\/em>https:\/\/sgdd.org. tr\/ukraynali-siginmacilar-icin-danismanlik-hatti\/ 15. <\/strong>SGDD. (2022). Okula D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Projesi <\/em>https:\/\/sgdd.org.tr\/proje\/okula-donus-projesi\/ 16. <\/strong>Euronews. (2022). Rusya\u2019dan beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc: 100 bin dijital sekt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00fclkeyi terk etti <\/em>https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2022\/12\/20\/rusyadan-beyin-gocu-100-bin-dijital-sektor-calisani-ulkeyi-terk-etti 17. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). \u0130kamet \u0130zinleri <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/ikamet-izinleri 18. <\/strong>Gazete Duvar. (2022 12 Mart). Antalya\u2019da kurulan Rus \u015firket say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 527 artt\u0131 <\/em>https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/antalyada-kurulan-rus-sirket-sayisi-yuzde-527-artti-haber-1599837 19. <\/strong>G\u0130B. (2022). Uluslararas\u0131 Koruma \u0130statiskleri <\/em>https:\/\/www.goc.gov.tr\/uluslararasi-koruma-istatistikler 20. <\/strong>T\u00dc\u0130K. (2022). Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130statistikleri <\/em>https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/ Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2021-45814#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Yurt%20d%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1ndan%20T%C3%BCrkiye\u2019ye%20g%C3%B6%-C3%A7,ini%20ise%20yabanc%C4%B1%20 uyruklular%20olu%C5%9Fturdu Ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki 3,5 milyona yak\u0131n Suriyelinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 400 binin \u00fczerinde uluslararas\u0131 koruma alt\u0131nda farkl\u0131 milliyetlerden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada 2022\u2019de en fazla say\u0131da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131ya ev sahipli\u011fi yapan \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde 2022 sonu itibar\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 koruma verilen ilk \u00fc\u00e7 uyruk, s\u0131ras\u0131yla 19.400 ile Afganistan, 7.131 ile Ukrayna, 4.083 ile Irak\u2019t\u0131r. Ancak a\u00e7\u0131klanan resm\u00ee verilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda…<\/p>\n\n
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\u201cBROAD-ER\u201d projesi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u00f6rnektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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