\u0130nsanl\u0131k olarak zorlu bir y\u0131l\u0131 daha geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. 2019 sonunda ba\u015flayan ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden Rusya-Ukrayna aras\u0131ndaki gerilim sonucunda d\u00fcnyam\u0131z bir yandan g\u0131da ve enerji tedarik zincirinde ya\u015fanan k\u0131r\u0131lmalara maruz kal\u0131rken bir yandan da bu durumun tetikledi\u011fi ve bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomiyi de etkileyen durgunluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rekor d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bu olumsuzluklar\u0131n etkisini art\u0131rmakta, bunun yan\u0131nda ileriye y\u00f6nelik de riskin ve tehdidin boyutunu katlamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Forumu (WEF) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan 2023 K\u00fcresel Riskler Raporu\u2019<\/em>na g\u00f6re \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te d\u00fcnya ekonomisini etkilemesi beklenen ilk 4 s\u0131radaki risklerin \u00e7evre ve iklim odakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumun vahametini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 6 Kas\u0131m\u2019da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 K\u00fcresel \u0130klim G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em> ge\u00e7ici raporuna g\u00f6re 2015-2022 d\u00f6neminin kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak sekiz y\u0131l\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve artan sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme k\u0131yasla +1,15 \u00b0C daha fazla olmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermesine dikkatleri \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Keza Amerikan Okyanus ve Atmosfer \u0130daresi (NOAA) ile Avrupa Orta Vadeli Hava Tahminleri Merkezi (ECMWF) de\u011ferlendirmelerine g\u00f6re -k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etki yapan Pasifik\u2019teki La Nina\u2019ya ra\u011fmen- 2022\u2019nin kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak be\u015finci y\u0131l oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelenin boyutunu ve etkilerini de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere BM \u00c7evre Program\u0131 (UNEP)taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan 2022 Emisyon ve Uyum A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme k\u0131yasla +2,4 \u00b0C seviyelerine \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131, adaptasyon s\u00fcrecindeki her gecikmenin de ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan finansman\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6ylelikle iklim aciliyetine de ayr\u0131ca dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Afetlerle Dolu Bir Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi; 2022\u2019de de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fanan s\u0131cak\/ so\u011fuk hava dalgalar\u0131, kurakl\u0131k, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar gibi bir\u00e7ok meteorolojik afetin say\u0131, \u015fiddet ve s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7arak b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketlere neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asya\u2019da ya\u015fanan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in en kalabal\u0131k ikinci eyaleti \u015eantung\u2019da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 klima kullan\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla enerji t\u00fcketiminde rekor d\u00fczeye ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu durum enerji sistemlerini bask\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asya\u2019y\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam eden Muson ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131, Banglade\u015f\u2019te 1,6 milyonu \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 4 milyon insan\u0131 etkilemi\u015f ve 60 can kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pakistan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sellerde ise 30 milyon ki\u015fi etkilenmi\u015f, 8 milyon ki\u015fi yerinden olmu\u015f, 1.700\u2019\u00fc a\u015fan can kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerine g\u00f6re olu\u015fan afetin ekonomik etkisi ise 30 milyar Amerikan dolar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022\u2019de ya\u015fanan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede kurakl\u0131k tehlikesini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131 [World Food Programme (WFP)] ise Afrika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 19 milyon n\u00fcfusun k\u0131tl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini belirtirken Avrupa\u2019daki s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak a\u011fustosta Avrupa Birli\u011fi Komisyonunun Ortak Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n son 500 y\u0131l\u0131n en kurak d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Avrupa\u2019daki s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 bir yandan Fransa, \u0130spanya gibi \u00fclkelerde on binlerce hektarl\u0131k orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na sebep olurken di\u011fer yandan da May\u0131s\u2019ta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n New Mexico eyaletinde neden oldu\u011fu orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede acil durum ilan\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Avustralya, Filipinler, Brezilya ve ABD gibi yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen tayfun ve seller y\u00fczlerce can kayb\u0131yla neticelenirken Christian Aid Kalk\u0131nma ve Yard\u0131m Ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da K\u00fcba ve ABD\u2019de etkili olan Ian Kas\u0131rgas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 100 milyar Amerikan dolar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir maddi hasara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Raporda ayr\u0131ca Afrika\u2019da kurakl\u0131klar ya\u015fan\u0131rken k\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Nijerya, Mali, Kamerun gibi \u00fclkelerdeki sel afetinin 600\u2019den fazla can kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Taraflar Konferanslar\u0131nda \u00d6nemli Ad\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik alanlar\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin taraflar konferans\u0131nda \u00f6nemli kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Kas\u0131mda M\u0131s\u0131r ev sahipli\u011finde d\u00fczenlenen 27. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Taraflar Konferans\u0131nda (COP27) ilk kez iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle olu\u015fan kay\u0131p ve zararlar\u0131n bir \u015fekilde tazmin edilme konusunda bir \u201ckay\u0131p ve zarar fonunun kurulmas\u0131\u201d karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bu durum \u00f6zellikle de az geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerce memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u0131nan bu karar\u0131n hakkaniyetli uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u201ckirleten \u00f6der\u201d ilkesiyle uyumlu oldu\u011funu ve iklim adaleti veya kimseyi geride b\u0131rakmama temel arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131yla da son derece uyumlu bir ad\u0131m oldu\u011funu da belirtmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Takip eden ayda ise \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/em> ile birlikte imzalanan \u00fc\u00e7 anla\u015fmadan bir di\u011feri olan Biyolojik \u00c7e\u015fitlilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019<\/em>nin 15. Taraflar Konferans\u0131nda (COP15) 2030\u2019a kadar gezegenin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birini koruma alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ortak bir mutabakat sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum ayn\u0131 zamanda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleyi de g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir ad\u0131m olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye Yo\u011fun Etkilenen Bir B\u00f6lgede <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclkemiz iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden en \u00e7ok etkilenmesi beklenen Akdeniz \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131nda yer almakta, bu nedenle de y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 afetlerin say\u0131s\u0131 ve etkisi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmaktad\u0131r. 2022\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, daha s\u0131cak ve kurak bir yaz mevsimi, artan su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yang\u0131nlar gibi \u00e7evresel problemlere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131ca tar\u0131m ve su kaynaklar\u0131 gibi hayati \u00f6neme sahip sekt\u00f6rleri de negatif y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan do\u011fa kaynakl\u0131 afetler can kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ekonomik hasarlara da yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Marmaris\u2019te ya\u015fanan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin hektarl\u0131k alan kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7an orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131; Bart\u0131n, Ankara ve Antalya\u2019da ya\u015fanan sel afetleri ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan da yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,5 milyar T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 bir y\u0131k\u0131ma sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 etkileyen s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131 \u00fclkemizde de etkin olmu\u015f, bir\u00e7ok su kayna\u011f\u0131 kurmaya y\u00fcz tutarken \u00fclkemizin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ciddi kurakl\u0131klar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmelerine g\u00f6re 2022\u2019nin Nisan ve Haziran\u2019\u0131, son 50 y\u0131l\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla en s\u0131cak be\u015finci nisan ve en s\u0131cak alt\u0131nc\u0131 haziran ay\u0131 olurken 2022 Aral\u0131k ise son 52 y\u0131l\u0131n en s\u0131cak aral\u0131k ay\u0131 olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u201cD\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201dden Ge\u00e7iyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00fck\u00fbmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC) alt\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme raporlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em> hedefleriyle uyumlu olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok ad\u0131m at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu noktada \u00f6zellikle de pandemi ve Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji darbo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temiz teknolojilere y\u00f6nelim ya\u015fanan iklim krizinin adeta f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de Avrupa Birli\u011finin 2019\u2019da duyurdu\u011fu ye\u015fil mutabakat s\u00fcreciyle ba\u015flayan ve 2022\u2019de G7 Zirve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri kapsam\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6ren iklim kul\u00fcpleri yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkili bir mekanizma olan emisyon ticaret sistemi benzeri finansal ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015facak olmas\u0131 ivedi bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc tetiklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclkemizde de son yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7evresel unsurlar \u00f6nde tutulmu\u015f; bu itibarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7evre temel ekseninde politikalar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f; sanayi, \u0131s\u0131nma, ula\u015f\u0131m ve enerji gibi bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f; s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ad\u0131na faaliyetlere ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu minvalde \u00fclkemiz giri\u015fimiyle BM nezdinde kabul edilen \u201c30 Mart Uluslararas\u0131 S\u0131f\u0131r At\u0131k G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d k\u00fcresel bazda yank\u0131 uyand\u0131ran ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00f6rnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131na girdi\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6nemde ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ekseninde 2053 net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefi belirlenmi\u015f, ilk iklim \u015furas\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, iklim kanunu haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 son raddeye getirilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00e2hilinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f, yenilenebilir ve temiz kaynaklardan enerji \u00fcretimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015f, enerji yo\u011funlu\u011funu azaltmada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ivme kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ula\u015f\u0131mda\/ sanayide ve \u0131s\u0131nmada ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm temalar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde hareket edilmi\u015f, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7teki \u00fclke yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 12. Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131 ve bakanl\u0131k yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren stratejik planda ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm temas\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015f b\u00f6ylelikle iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede \u00fclkemiz sahip oldu\u011fu potansiyeli daha etkin kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6nceliklendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130nsanl\u0131k olarak zorlu bir y\u0131l\u0131 daha geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. 2019 sonunda ba\u015flayan ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden Rusya-Ukrayna aras\u0131ndaki gerilim sonucunda d\u00fcnyam\u0131z bir yandan g\u0131da ve enerji tedarik zincirinde ya\u015fanan k\u0131r\u0131lmalara maruz kal\u0131rken bir yandan da bu durumun tetikledi\u011fi ve bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomiyi de etkileyen durgunluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya…<\/p>\n