{"id":3388,"date":"2024-05-29T16:35:10","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T13:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yillik.kizilayakademi.org.tr\/?p=3388"},"modified":"2024-10-23T13:56:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T10:56:06","slug":"turkiyenin-afetler-tarihinde-bir-milat-olarak-6-subat-depremleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/turkiyenin-afetler-tarihinde-bir-milat-olarak-6-subat-depremleri\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Afetler Tarihinde Bir Milat Olarak 6 \u015eubat Depremleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cumhuriyetimizin 100. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlama co\u015fkusuyla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 6 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu illerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olan Kahramanmara\u015f Pazarc\u0131k ve Elbistan merkezli ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k depremlerle sars\u0131ld\u0131k. Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Zonu \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131k\u0131mla do\u011frudan etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 18 kentimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkece hissetti\u011fimiz, dolayl\u0131 etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dahi hissedece\u011fi sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131k. 2023 Depremleri; 1939 Erzincan ve 1999 Marmara depremlerini geride b\u0131rakarak Cumhuriyet tarihimizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7an afet olmu\u015ftur. Depremlerin etkisinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sebebiyle yayg\u0131n etkileri \u00fczerine gerek resm\u00ee makamlar\u0131n gerekse ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131 zaman alacakt\u0131r. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z felaketin \u00fczerinden 11 ay ge\u00e7mi\u015fken kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu yaz\u0131da; b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara neden olan bu depremler sonras\u0131nda \u015fu ana kadar elde edilmi\u015f ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla resm\u00ee rakamlarla ifade edilmi\u015f veriler \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye kentlerinin afetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fcncel durumunu k\u0131saca de\u011ferlendirerek depremler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere kentlerimizde etkili olabilecek di\u011fer afet riskleri i\u00e7in nas\u0131l \u00f6nlemler almam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi konusunda bir saptama yapaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1999 Marmara Depremleri Milatt\u0131,
2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Depremleri Ba\u015fka Bir
Milat Olmaya Aday<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde 1900 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin can kayb\u0131na veya hasara neden olan 269 deprem incelendi\u011finde 7 ve  \u00fczeri b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte 20 deprem meydana geldi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Ya\u015fanan bu depremler, can kayb\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r hasar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f (50.783 can kayb\u0131), 1939 Erzincan (32.962 can kayb\u0131) ve 1999 Marmara (17.479 can kayb\u0131) depremlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 6 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye saatiyle 04.17\u2019de merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Pazarc\u0131k il\u00e7esi olan Mw7.7 (odak derinlik=8,6km) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki depremden yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 saat sonra, saat 13.24\u2019te merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Elbistan il\u00e7esi olan Mw7.6 (odak derinlik=7km) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ikinci deprem ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu depremlerin etkiledi\u011fi b\u00f6lge 20 \u015eubat 2023 tarihinde bir kez daha sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye saatiyle 20.04\u2019te merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Hatay Yaylada\u011f\u0131 olan Mw6.4 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem daha meydana gelmi\u015ftir. (\u015eekil 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1- Depremden etkilenen n\u00fcfus (2022 ve 2023) ve hasar g\u00f6ren iller. 5,9 <\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki tabloda depremin etkiledi\u011fi illerdeki n\u00fcfus ve hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131 bilgileri sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1: 6 \u015eubat ve 20 \u015eubat 2023 depremleri merkez-\u00fcsleri ve art\u00e7\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131lar5<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depremden sonra olabilecek en h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lan hasar tespitleri ve ekonomik zararlar\u0131n tahmin\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan \u00f6nc\u00fc raporlar, afetin do\u011frudan vurdu\u011fu resm\u00ee olarak ilan edilen 11 ildeki y\u0131k\u0131mlar ve olas\u0131 kay\u0131p hesaplar\u0131na g\u00f6re ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. Ancak hasar g\u00f6ren illerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 18\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karan g\u00fcncel veriler kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lacak yeni tahminlerle bu \u00f6nc\u00fc raporlarda yer alan \u00f6zellikle ekonomik kay\u0131p tahminlerine ait bulgular\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi kay\u0131p oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlere sunmak gerekecektir. 6 \u015eubat Depremleri i\u00e7in Haziran 2023\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan g\u00fcncel hasar verilerine g\u00f6re \u201cKahramanmara\u015f depremleri nedeniyle ba\u015fta Kahramanmara\u015f olmak \u00fczere depremden etkilenen Hatay, Gaziantep, Malatya, Diyarbak\u0131r, Kilis, \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Ad\u0131yaman, Osmaniye, Adana ile 11. il olarak eklenen Elaz\u0131\u011f illerinde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l ilan edilmi\u015f, daha sonra al\u0131nan kararla Bing\u00f6l, Kayseri, Mardin, Tunceli, Ni\u011fde ve Batman illeri de afet b\u00f6lgesi olarak ilan edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d \u00d6nc\u00fc raporlarda, \u00f6zellikle ilk tespitlerde 11 ilde do\u011frudan etkilenen insan say\u0131s\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00dc\u0130K n\u00fcfus verilerine g\u00f6re 14.013.196 ki\u015fi olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bu n\u00fcfusun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n (1.738.035 ki\u015fi) ge\u00e7ici koruma kapsam\u0131nda deprem b\u00f6lgesinde ikamet eden g\u00f6\u00e7men n\u00fcfusundan olu\u015ftu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strateji B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Mart 2023 tarihli yine ilk belirlemelere g\u00f6re afetten etkilendi\u011fi resm\u00ee olarak ilan edilen 11 ili dikkate alarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporuna g\u00f6re depremin T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00fczerindeki toplam y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar kalemini %54,9 oran\u0131yla 1.073,9 milyar TL\/ 56,9 milyar dolara tekab\u00fcl eden konut hasar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u0130kinci a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 hasar kalemi ise 242,5 milyar TL\/ 12,9 milyar dolar olarak hesaplanan kamu altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve hizmet binalar\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131ma aittir. Bunu 222,4 milyar TL\/ 11,8 milyar dolarla konut hari\u00e7 imalat sanayi, enerji, haberle\u015fme, turizm, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6rleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf ile ibadethanelere ili\u015fkin hasar\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00f6zel kesim hasar\u0131 takip etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca sigortac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve esnaf\u0131n gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131 ile makroekonomik etkiler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda depremin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketin T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00fczerindeki toplam y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 trilyon TL\/ 103,6 milyar dolar d\u00fczeyinde oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 mill\u00ee gelirinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %9\u2019una ula\u015fabilece\u011fi Strateji B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depremde zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f illerde itiraz s\u00fcreci de tamamland\u0131ktan sonra ortaya konan hasar tespit sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve etkilenen n\u00fcfuslara ait bulgular\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde, Tablo 1\u2019deki de\u011ferler ve \u015eekil 2\u2019deki haritadan g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz \u00fczere toplamda 190 bin km2<\/sup>den fazla bir alan\u0131n ve bu alanda mesk\u00fbn 18 milyondan fazla insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n etkilendi\u011fi ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 260 bin civar\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n ya tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya acilen y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken d\u00fczeyde hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ya da a\u011f\u0131r hasar alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eekil 2\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere Hatay, Kahramanmara\u015f, Malatya ve Ad\u0131yaman illeri s\u0131ras\u0131yla en fazla yap\u0131 hasarlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 iller olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Depremden etkilenen n\u00fcfusu tahmin edebilmek i\u00e7in 18 ilin 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na ait adrese dayal\u0131 n\u00fcfus verileri kullan\u0131l\u0131rken depremin birinci y\u0131l\u0131 olan 6 \u015eubat 2024\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131klanan 2023 n\u00fcfus verileri de bizlere ya can kayb\u0131 ya da yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyle kaybedilen n\u00fcfusa ili\u015fkin bir ipucu vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2: Depremden etkilenen illerdeki hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 (Y\u0131k\u0131k, Acil Y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lacak ve A\u011f\u0131r Hasarl\u0131 Yap\u0131 toplam\u0131) <\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depremin etkiledi\u011fi 18 ilde \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen hasar tespit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hasar da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, bina ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birim say\u0131lar\u0131 \u015eekil 3\u2019te g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Y\u0131k\u0131k, acil y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lacak ve a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131lara ek olarak az ve orta hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde hasar alan yap\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birim say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplamda daha fazla oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3: 18 \u0130ldeki Hasarl\u0131 Yap\u0131 ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Birim Say\u0131lar\u013112<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 \u015eubat 2023 Depremleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgeyi etkilemi\u015ftir. Yer bilimciler felaketin bu boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131nda depremlerin 9 saat arayla ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin bir etmen oldu\u011funu kabul etmekle beraber alanda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen baz\u0131 maksimum ivme de\u011ferlerinin T\u00fcrkiye deprem tehlikesi haritas\u0131nda tahmin edilen de\u011ferlerin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmektedirler. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara mukabil in\u015faat m\u00fchendislerimizin olu\u015fan y\u0131k\u0131m ve a\u011f\u0131r hasar \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerde dikkat \u00e7eken husus, yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki yap\u0131 y\u00f6netmeliklerine uygun olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu depremlerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m, 1999 Depremi sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen pek \u00e7ok yasal, y\u00f6netsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikle kaydetti\u011fimiz ilerlemelere dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z depremin ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fi afetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fumuz varsay\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, ge\u00e7en 25 y\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kadar iyi de\u011ferlendiremedi\u011fimizi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hatta bu t\u00fcrden b\u00f6lgesel etkileri olabilecek d\u00fczeyde k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc bir senaryonun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini 6 \u015eubat Depremleri\u2019ne kadar kimsenin tahmin edemedi\u011fini de s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Zonu\u2019nda bir sismik bo\u015fluk oldu\u011fu ve uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6nce ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerin \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bulunuyordu. Ve bu sebeple 2019\u2019da haz\u0131rlanmaya ba\u015flanan \u0130l Afet Risk Azaltma Plan\u0131 (\u0130RAP) haz\u0131rlama k\u0131lavuzunda pilot il olarak Kahramanmara\u015f se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve ilk \u0130RAP burada haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak yine de bu d\u00fczeyde bir etkiyle 18 ilin ayn\u0131 anda y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131; \u015fehirler aras\u0131 yollar\u0131n, elektrik ve do\u011fal gaz altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kece\u011fi; hastane, havaliman\u0131 gibi acil durumlarda i\u015flevsel olabilecek ve\/veya eri\u015fimde \u00f6nem te\u015fkil eden kritik tesislerin dahi \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz h\u00e2le gelece\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc bir afet senaryosu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemedi\u011finden bu felaket, yak\u0131n \u00e7evredeki pek \u00e7ok ilin destek sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan ve 2022\u2019de yenilenen T\u00fcrkiye Afet M\u00fcdahale Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (TAMP) bile yetersiz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 \u015eubat Felaketi\u2019nde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kay\u0131plar\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi g\u00f6sterdi ki \u00f6zellikle hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n zorlu oldu\u011fu ve b\u00f6lgesel eri\u015fimin sekteye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda havaliman\u0131, \u015fehirler aras\u0131 yol ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, enerji hatlar\u0131 gibi kritik can damar\u0131 tesis ve a\u011flar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyen bir afette, ilk 72 saat s\u00fcresince yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken faaliyetleri aksatmadan yerine getirmemizi sa\u011flayacak kabiliyet ve kapasitemiz yetersizdir. Bu depremle anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ki b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryolar olu\u015fturulmal\u0131; afet b\u00f6lgesine destek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle benzer fay zonu etkilerine maruz kalabilecek illerin yak\u0131n\u0131nda olmakla beraber bu fay zonu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan iller se\u00e7ilmeli; afet an\u0131nda kesintisiz \u015fehirler aras\u0131 eri\u015fim i\u00e7in ya\u015fanabilecek iklimsel ko\u015fullar\u0131n etkilerini de dikkate alan eri\u015febilir ve a\u00e7\u0131k ula\u015f\u0131m ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 alternatiflerinin neler olabilece\u011fi belirlenmeli ve t\u00fcm bunlar \u00fczerine kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar depremler ya\u015fanmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. 6 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi bu derslerden hareketle Marmara Denizi derinlerinde olmas\u0131 muhtemel b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremde benzer b\u00f6lgesel etkilerin g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011finin dikkatlerde tutulmas\u0131, beklenen depremin etkili olabilece\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde bu t\u00fcrden \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n ivedilikle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. TAMP ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 6 \u015eubat Depremleri sonras\u0131 \u0130l Risk Azaltma Planlar\u0131n\u0131n en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fczeltilip g\u00fcncellenmesi, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck risk havuzlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kentlerimizde hi\u00e7 vakit kaybetmeksizin risk azaltma tedbirlerinin \u00f6nceliklendirilmesi, akabinde b\u00fct\u00e7elendirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin tamamlan\u0131p uygulamaya konmas\u0131 afet alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkesin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depremden b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6ren kentlerimizde eskisinden daha iyi, afetlere diren\u00e7li ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 yaratmak ve diren\u00e7li toplumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak da afet alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bizleri bekleyen \u00f6ncelikli konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nma alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin sorunlar\u0131n en aza indirilmesi, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda in\u015fa edilmekte olan baz\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 konut \u00e7evrelerinde ya\u015fam\u0131n kurgulanmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar alm\u0131\u015f eski kentte yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin tesisini de dikkate alarak sa\u011flanmas\u0131, eski yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ve yeni kentsel alanlar\u0131n toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma hizmetleriyle desteklenerek ili\u015fkilendirilmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n konut alanlar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmesi gibi temel konular da g\u00fcndemimizi s\u00fcrekli me\u015fgul etmesi gereken konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1 <\/strong> AFAD (Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan verilere g\u00f6re,\u00a06\u00a0\u015eubat\u00a02023\u00a0tarihinde\u00a0yerel\u00a0saat\u00a0ile\u00a004.17’de\u00a0ve\u00a013.24’de\u00a0merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Pazarc\u0131k\u00a0(Kahramanmara\u015f)\u00a0ve\u00a0Elbistan\u00a0(Kahramanmara\u015f)\u00a0olan\u00a0Mw\u00a07.7\u00a0(8.6 km derinli\u011finde) ve Mw 7.6 (7.6 km derinli\u011finde) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde iki\u00a0deprem meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Detayl\u0131 saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesinde, depremlerin sismolojik, geoteknik, yap\u0131sal ve sosyal etkilerini ODT\u00dc DMAM \u00d6n De\u011ferlendirme Raporu<\/em> (22.02.2023) yayg\u0131n etkileri ilk bulgular olarak ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 <\/strong> Depremin do\u011frudan etkiledi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanan 11 il alfabetik s\u0131rayla \u015f\u00f6yledir; Adana, Ad\u0131yaman, Diyarbak\u0131r, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye,  \u015eanl\u0131urfa.  Ancak  bu  illere  Haziran  2023  itibar\u0131yla  depremlerden etkilenen Batman, Bing\u00f6l, Kayseri, Mardin, Ni\u011fde, Sivas, Tunceli de  eklenerek hasar g\u00f6ren il say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (AFAD, 2023a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u00a0<\/strong>Strateji B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2023, Mart) Kahramanmara\u015f ve Hatay Depremleri Raporu <\/em>(https:\/\/www.sbb.gov.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4  <\/strong>Strateji B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2023, Mart) Kahramanmara\u015fveHatayDepremleriRaporu <\/em>(https:\/\/www.sbb.gov.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2023-Kahramanmaras- ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 \u00a0<\/strong>AFAD (2023a). 0<\/em>6 <\/em>\u015e<\/em>uba<\/em>t <\/em>202<\/em>3 <\/em>P<\/em>az<\/em>a<\/em>r<\/em>c<\/em>\u0131<\/em>k<\/em>-El<\/em>bi<\/em>sta<\/em>n <\/em>K<\/em>ah<\/em>r<\/em>amanma<\/em>r<\/em>a<\/em>\u015f<\/em>(<\/em>M<\/em>w<\/em>:<\/em>7.<\/em>7<\/em>\u2013<\/em>M<\/em>w<\/em>:<\/em>7.6) <\/em>D<\/em>ep<\/em>r<\/em>e<\/em>m<\/em>ler<\/em>i\u00a0<\/em>R<\/em>apo<\/em>ru<\/em>,\u00a0Deprem\u00a0Dairesi\u00a0Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 https:\/\/deprem.afad.gov.tr\/assets\/pdf\/Kahramanmara%C5%9F%20Depremi%20%20Raporu_02.06.2023.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7SB (2023), 1939 Erzincan Depremi, https:\/\/erzincan.csb.gov.tr\/1939-erzincan-depremi-haber-16203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6zmen, B., (2000).\u00a017 A\u011fustos 1999 \u0130zmit K\u00f6rfezi Depreminin Hasar Durumu (Rakamsal Verilerle), T\u00fcrkiye Deprem Vakf\u0131, https:\/\/deprem.gazi.edu.tr\/posts\/download?id=43388<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 \u00a0<\/strong>Genel Hayata Etkili Afet B\u00f6lgesi \u0130lan\u0131<\/em>. https:\/\/www.afad.gov.tr\/genel-hayata-etkili-afet-bolgesi-hk<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9 \u00a0<\/strong>T\u00dc\u0130K.\u00a0(2022).\u00a0A<\/em>dr<\/em>ese\u00a0<\/em>Dayal<\/em>\u0131\u00a0<\/em>N<\/em>\u00fcfus\u00a0<\/em>S<\/em>a<\/em>y<\/em>\u0131m<\/em>\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=49685<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10\u00a0<\/strong> T\u00dc\u0130K.\u00a0(2023).\u00a0A<\/em>dr<\/em>ese\u00a0<\/em>Dayal<\/em>\u0131\u00a0<\/em>N<\/em>\u00fcfus\u00a0<\/em>S<\/em>a<\/em>y<\/em>\u0131m<\/em>\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11  <\/strong>AFAD. (2023b, Temmuz 31). AFAD Afet Y\u00f6netim Merkezi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, G\u00fcncel Resm\u00ee Veri, Ankara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12\u00a0 <\/strong>NURLU,\u00a0 M.\u00a0(2019).\u00a0\u2018Earthquake\u00a0 Activity\u00a0 in\u00a0 Turkey\u00a0 and\u00a0 Earthquake\u00a0 Risk Reduction Studies\u2019 The Asian Conference on Disaster Reduction (ACDR 2019) organized by the Government of Turkey, the Government of Japan and Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), 25-27 November 2019, Ankara, Retrieved August\u00a012,\u00a02023,\u00a0from\u00a0https:\/\/www.adrc.asia\/acdr\/2019\/documents\/S2-02_ DeptEQ_AFAD.pdf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>3\u00a0 <\/strong>\u015eENOL BALABAN, M. (2019). Afete diren\u00e7li yerle\u015fimler olu\u015fturmak: Afet risklerini azaltma plan\u0131. Bili<\/em>m <\/em>v<\/em>e <\/em>\u00dc<\/em>to<\/em>p<\/em>y<\/em>a<\/em>, cilt.25, sa.305, 29-34. https:\/\/bilimveutopya.com.tr\/afete-direncli-yerlesimler-olusturmak-afet-risklerini-azaltma-plani<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>4  <\/strong>DMAM. (2023). https:\/\/eerc.metu.edu.tr\/tr\/system\/files\/documents\/DMAM_2023_ Kahramanmaras-Pazarcik_ve_Elbistan_Depremleri_Raporu_TR_final.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyetimizin 100. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlama co\u015fkusuyla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 6 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu illerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri olan Kahramanmara\u015f Pazarc\u0131k ve Elbistan merkezli ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k depremlerle sars\u0131ld\u0131k. Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay Zonu \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131k\u0131mla do\u011frudan etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 18 kentimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkece hissetti\u011fimiz, dolayl\u0131 etkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da gelecek ku\u015faklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dahi hissedece\u011fi sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131k….<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-akademik-degerlendirmeler","years-166","institution-orta-dogu-teknik-universitesi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kizilayakademi.org.tr\/yillik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}